Browsing by Author "Asawin Wichayachakorn"
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    DIMENSIONS OF PATERNALISTIC LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE OUTCOMES IN SMALL THAI FIRMS
    (Digital Production Press, Assumption University, 2017) Duangta Duangekanong ; Somsit Duangekanong ; John, Varughese K. ; Asawin Wichayachakorn ; Nithiphong Vikitset
    The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of paternalistic leadership dimensions (authoritarian, benevolent, and moral) on employee outcomes in small Thai firms. Outcomes examined include two intermediate outcomes (organizational commitment and job satisfaction) and one further outcome, resulting from organizational commitment and job satisfaction, which was self-reported in-role job performance. Paternalistic leadership was studied because of its cultural consonance in Thailand and its status as a frequently observed leadership approach. Data was collected from a sample of small firm employees in Thailand (n = 218). The study used a structural equation modelling (SEM)-based approach to examine the proposed relationships. The results showed that while benevolent and moral leadership had positive effects on employee organizational commitment and job satisfaction, authoritarian leadership had a weak negative effect on these two outcomes. Organizational commitment and job satisfaction had positive effects on job performance, with a stronger effect seen for organizational commitment. The implication of these findings is that some aspects of paternalistic leadership are effective for small firms in a Thai cultural context, but that authoritarian models of paternalistic leadership should not take precedence. This is useful information for small firm leaders as well as policymakers focusing on SME development.
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    E-business : Growth and Trends in Thailand
    (AU-eJIR, 2017) John, Varughese Kizhakkacharuvil ; Nithiphong Vikitset ; Duangta Duangekanog ; Asawin Wichayachakorn
    The era of e-business has changed the old economic relationship among producers, traders and consumers and the new economic relationship is called extended or integrated relationship. In this context this article has made an enquiry about the growth of e-business in Thailand. The change in technologies has a great impact on the old business models especially in the areas of strategies and customer engagement of business. The platform for changes in e-business is the internet, social media and mobile technology. Majority of the people in Thailand are found to be accustomed in using mobile technology in recent years. Nevertheless, the growth of e-business in the form of B2B, B2C, and G2B/C transactions are not so admirable in Thailand from the analysis and findings of this study during the period of 2012 to 2016.
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    E-BUSINESS: GROWTH AND TRENDS IN THAILAND
    (Digital Production Press, Assumption University, 2017) John, Varughese K. ; Nithiphong Vikitset ; Duangta Duangekanog ; Asawin Wichayachakorn
    The era of e-business has changed the old economic relationship among producers, traders and consumers and the new economic relationship is called extended or integrated relationship. In this context this article has made an enquiry about the growth of e-business in Thailand. The change in technologies has a great impact on the old business models especially in the areas of strategies and customer engagement of business. The platform for changes in e-business is the internet, social media and mobile technology. Majority of the people in Thailand are found to be accustomed in using mobile technology in recent years. Nevertheless, the growth of e-business in the form of B2B, B2C, and G2B/C transactions are not so admirable in Thailand from the analysis and findings of this study during the period of 2012 to 2016.
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    The global competitiveness of Thailand: an analysis of the ASEAN community
    (Digital Production Press, Assumption University, 2017) John, Varughese K. ; Duangta Duangekanog ; Asawin Wichayachakorn ; Nithiphong Vikitset
    The current rate of technological expansion and the globalization of markets have made countries to be more competitive for their economic growth and prosperity. The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) is a measure computed by the World Economic Forum every year since 1979 on the basis of 12 pillars of economic and human growth indicators. 138 world countries are included in the GCI 2016-17 and these countries accounts for 98% of the world GDP. Thailand is the third major economy among the ASEAN community and it is classified as ‘Efficiency Driven Economy’ according to its score in GCI 2016-17. This study investigates the factors in which Thailand has greater strength and more weakness when compared with the other ASEAN countries based on the GCI indicators. Accordingly Thailand seems to be comparatively weak in Innovation and Institutional factors but strong in Macroeconomic environment factors, Health and Primary Education measures, and in Market Size. The study concludes that if the economic and human development policies are formulated looking into these strengths and weakness, the country can become an ‘Innovation driven economy’ within a short span of time.
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    The Global Competitiveness of Thailand: An Empirical Analysis of the ASEAN Community
    (AU-eJIR, 2017) John, Varughese Kizhakkacharuvil ; Duangta Duangekanog ; Asawin Wichayachakorn ; Nithiphong Vikitset
    The current rate of technological expansion and the globalization of markets have made countries to be more competitive for their economic growth and prosperity. The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) is a measure computed by the World Economic Forum every year since 1979 on the basis of 12 pillars of economic and human growth indicators. 138 world countries are included in the GCI 2016-17 and these countries accounts for 98% of the world GDP. Thailand is the third major economy among the ASEAN community and it is classified as ‘Efficiency Driven Economy’ according to its score in GCI 2016-17. This study investigates the factors in which Thailand has greater strength and more weakness when compared with the other ASEAN countries based on the GCI indicators. Accordingly Thailand seems to be comparatively weak in Innovation and Institutional factors but strong in Macroeconomic environment factors, Health and Primary Education measures, and in Market Size. The study concludes that if the economic and human development policies are formulated looking into these strengths and weakness, the country can become an ‘Innovation driven economy’ within a short span of time.
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    Penetration of eCommerce and Perception of Consumers in Thailand
    (International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology (IJAST) - ELSEVIER, 2019-10-08) Varughese Kizhakkacharuvil John ; Asawin Wichayachakorn
    The study focused on business-to-consumer eCommerce in Thailand regarding its penetration and the perceptions of consumers in the country. Stratified sampling was used to collect data from the different regions of Thailand because of its diversified nature in culture and economic activities. By the offline questionnaire survey, conducted in January to March 2018, data were collected from regular online shoppers and regular offline buyers and the same were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Books & Magazines, Cosmetics, Mobile, and Laptop are the four consumer items used in the study to investigate the penetration and it was estimated that the average penetration of online shopping is twenty five percent in volume on these commodities. The convenience of online shopping is the most influencing factor for positive attitude towards online shopping. Lack of trust and confidence in electronic transactions due to the paucity of adequate protective laws; and the consumers’ perceptions towards product performance risk and financial risk are major deterrents of eCommerce in Thailand. It has been observed that the penetration of online shopping is not a threat, for the time being, to the traditional retailers of these commodities since they have more than double the market share of online buyers.
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    A study on the Impact of e-Commerce on SMEs in Thailand
    ( 2018-06-26) John, Varughese Kizhakkacharuvil ; Asawin Wichayachakorn ; Nithiphong Vikitset
    Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-Commerce is the focus of this study with special emphasis to its impact on small-and-medium enterprises or SMEs in Thailand. The impact is investigated in two perspectives – the economic impact and the social impact- where the former is concerned to the firms in terms of increase in its profitability and operating efficiency and the latter is related to the society in general imparted by the firm in terms of employment created. The study further investigated the penetration of e-Commerce (B2C) among consumers of Thailand and their perceptions towards online shopping. The retailers of four commodities (books & magazines, cosmetics, mobile, and laptop) and the consumers are the samples of the study. The primary survey was conducted throughout Thailand by collecting data from 1462 retailers and 1535 consumers during January to March 2018. The results indicate that the profitability of retailers who have adopted online sales (click-and-mortar retailers) is significantly higher than that of those who have not adopted online sales (brick-and-mortar retailers). The operating efficiency of the latter group is significantly lower than that of the former. The social impact in terms of new employment opportunities created is negligible by the adoption of online sales, however, the click-and-mortar shops have more employees per shop than that of their counterparts. The penetration of online shopping in Thailand is estimated to be 24 percent among the four commodities under study. According to the B2C e-commerce Index-2015 estimated by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Thailand’s index value is 47.2 and positioned in the 70th place among 130 countries, whereas it is 60 for Malaysia (45th rank) and 84 for the Republic of Korea (8th rank). This estimate is showcasing only the infrastructure potential for B2C e-commerce in a country based on internet usage, credit card holders, etc. and no indicators of the actual transactions on commodities are included. It has been observed that the penetration of online shopping is not a threat, for the time being, to the brick-and-mortar shops in Thailand, since they have more than double the market share of online buyers. The perception of consumers in Thailand for online shopping is its convenience and novelty of browsing the virtual platform, nevertheless, the consumers have much anxiety in the risks related to online shopping, regarding the performance of the products bought online, and the financial risks of online transactions. Moreover, the consumers have discontent on the economic laws prevailing in the country for the protection of their rights, in case of loss caused by online transactions, and most of the offline consumers are unaware of such laws. Therefore, the study recommends the vendors to be more upright and hold consistently the ethical values in their dealings with consumers, and the public authorities have to enact appropriate laws and implement it effectively for the protection of consumer rights so as to build a proactive environment for consumerism. This is highly indispensable for any emerging market economy. The study highlights the regional imbalance in the development and growth of e-commerce in Thailand, where the scale of penetration is high in central and northeastern regions, but low in north and southern regions.