Browsing by Author "Ho, Robert"
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ItemCross-validation of the Australian-developed smoking inventory: an investigation of votives underlying the decision-making processes leading to the uptake, maintenance, and possible cessation of smoking among students in Assumption UniversityThe present study was designed to cross-validate the Australian developed Australian Smoking Inventory as applied to the Thai context. Exploratory factor analysis identified the three factors of 'perceived utility of smoking', 'pleasure/addiction needs', and 'need for social acceptance' as three major motives for smoking behavior among Thai young adults. These findings are similar to those obtained from Ho's (1989) Australian study and suggest that Thais and Australian hold similar beliefs about the decision-making processes underlying smoking behaviors. The implications of the study's findings, which include the development of intervention programs and strategies to lower the motivation and perception of the perceived utility of smoking, are discussed.
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ItemImpact of occupational stress and coping styles on burnout among physicians in Yun nan, ChinaThis study was conducted to investigate the impact of occupational stress and coping styles on burnout among physicians in Yun Nan province, China. the sample consisted of 208 participants, consisting of 80 male and 128 female in-service physicians, recruited from different public hospitals. They voluntarily filled in a survey questionnaire consisting of the Occupational Stress Indicator-2 (OSI-2), the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). The results revealed that the Chinese physicians' reported level of occupational stress directly influenced their reported level of burnout. It was also found that the more they applied emotion-focused coping, the higher was their reported level of burnout. Their reported level of occupational stress was not found to have any significant influence on their employment of either problem-focused or avoidance-focused coping style. All three coping styles were found to be associated with burnout. The more the participants employed problem-focused coping style as well as emotion-focused style, the higher was their reported level of burnout. On the other hand, the more they employed avoidance-focused coping style the lower was their reported level of burnout.
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ItemImpact of parental involvement, teacher-student relationship, and resilience on academic performance among middle school students in Kang Won Province, in South KoreaThe study investigated the impact of parental involvement, teacher-student relationship, and resilience on the academic performance of middle school students in Kang Won Province, South Korean. The study's participants consisted of students selected from three middle schools in Kang Won Province, South Korea. The research measures employed included the Parental Home and School Involvement Scale, Teacher-Student Relationship Inventory, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25. Results from multiple regression analysis showed that perception of parental involvement and resilience are significantly and positively associated with academic performance. However, teacher-student relationship was not found to be significantly related to academic performance. The results also demonstrated that, overall, both male and female students did not believe that their parents were highly involved in their lives; likewise, they did not think highly of the quality of their relationship with their teachers. On the other hand, they reported themselves as being highly resilient. The results also demonstrated gender differences in their perceived teacher-student relationship in that male students' perception of their relationship with their teachers in more positive than female students' perception. The results indicated no significant gender differences in reported parental involvement and resilience.
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ItemJOB PERFORMANCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF THAI HOTEL WORKERS: A MULTI-MODEL PATH ANALYTIC STUDY( 2017) Raich, Annett ; Ho, RobertJob performance and the psychological well-being of employees are of paramount importance for a successful company. Especially in the hospitality industry in a country like Thailand where tourism plays a major role in the growth and sustainment of a healthy Thai economy, it is imperative to identify what and how certain factors may influence job performance and psychological well-being of employees. In order to achieve this aim, the present study posited and investigated a comprehensive process model to determine the direct and indirect influences of the Big Five personality traits of emotional stability, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness on job performance and psychological well-being among Thai hotel workers, being mediated by their level of stress, burnout, mindfulness, and job satisfaction. A total of 1,512 participants (793 females and 719 males) between 18 and 60 years working in 16 international five-star hotels in Thailand took part in the study. The results revealed that the participants’ Big Five personality traits played major roles in reducing their perceived stress and burnout, increasing their levels of mindfulness and job satisfaction and, subsequently, increasing their job performance and life satisfaction. The study’s limitations, implications, and avenues for further research were discussed.
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ItemLife satisfaction of seminary final year students in Yangon, Myanmar: a path analytic study of the direct and indirect influences of coping styles being mediated by stress, anxiety and depressionThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of coping styles on the life satisfaction of a sample of seminary final year students in Yangon, Myanmar, both directly and indirectly being mediated by their levels of reported stress, anxiety and depression. A total of 218 Yangon seminary final year students (aged between 20 to 45 years) participated in this study by filling in a self-administered questionnaire designed to measure the study's primary variables (stress, anxiety, depression, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, avoidance-focused coping, and life satisfaction). The results of the study indicated that the Myanmar seminary final year seminary students' employment of the emotion-focused coping and avoidance-focused coping styles is directly and significantly related to their reported level of life satisfaction, although in opposite directions. The results also showed that the more the seminary students employed emotion-focused coping to deal with stressful situations, the higher their reported levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The more the seminary students employed avoidance-focused coping to deal with stressful situations, the lower their reported level of depression. The implications of these findings in relation to the need to assist final year students identify which coping strategy is most effective in helping them cope with the daily stressors they encounter during their final year period were discussed.
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ItemThe relationship between self-compassion and academic procrastination being mediated by Shame and AnxietyThis study was conducted to investigate the direct and indirect influences of self-compassion on procrastination among Assumption University students in Thailand. The sample consisted of 200 respondents (male: n=74, 37%; female: n=126, 63%) who voluntarily filled in the study’s survey questionnaire consisting of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI- Form Y) to measure anxiety; the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS) to measure the level of academic procrastination; the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) to measure the level of self-compassion, and the Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 (TOSCA-3) to measure the level of shame. Results from the path analysis indicated that the participants’ reported level of self-compassion was negatively associated with their level of academic procrastination; that is, the higher their level of self-compassion, the lower their reported level of academic procrastination. It was also found that self-compassion had a negative influence on the participants’ reported level of anxiety. Their reported level of self-compassion was not found to have any significant influence on their reported level of shame. Finally, neither shame nor anxiety had a significant influence on academic procrastination. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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ItemSupport for Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Euthanasia: What Roles Do Conditions of Suffering and the Identity of the Terminally Ill Play?( 2015) Ho, Robert ; Natalie ChantagulThis study investigated the level of support for voluntary and nonvoluntary euthan- asia under three conditions of suffering (pain; debilitated nature of the body; burden on the family) experienced by oneself, a significant other, and a person in general. The sample consisted of 1,897 Thai adults (719 males, 1,178 females) who voluntarily filled in the study’s questionnaire. Initial multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant group (oneself, significant other, person in general) differences in level of support for voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia and under the three conditions of suffering. Multigroup path analysis conducted on the posited euthanasia model showed that the three conditions of suffering exerted differential direct and indirect influences on the support of voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia as a function of the identity of the person for whom euthanasia was being considered. The implica- tions of these findings are discussed.
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ItemValidation of the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) as applied within the Thai contextThis study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), a 25-item self-report questionnaire developed to measure resilience. This was achieved by testing the factor structure of the CD-RISC when applied to a non-clinical sample of Thai adults. Exploratory factor analysis identified three resilience factors: personal competence/tolerance of negative affect; support resources; and self-efficacy. Reliability analysis identified a number of items that were not internally consistent and these were deleted from the scale. The final Thai version of the CD-RISC consisted of 18 items, which is shorter than the original 25-item scale. The scale's convergent validity was tested by assessing the scale's relationship with three states of negative affect-depression, anxiety, stress-as measured by the 21-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Correlation analysis revealed that the three extracted resilience factors of personal competence/tolerance of negative affect; support resources; and self-efficacy are significantly and negatively correlated with the DASS-21 factors of depression, anxiety, and stress. The utility of the CD-RISC as applied within the Thai context is discussed.
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ItemYoung Thai men driving dangerously: a cross-cultural validation study of the Motives for Dangerous Driving Scale (MDDS)The present study was conducted to investigate the cross-cultural reliability and validity of the Motives for Dangerous Driving Scale (MDDS) as a multidimensional measurement tool that can tap into different motives underlying dangerous driving among young Thai male drivers. The sample consisted of 300 participants aged between 18 to 28 years. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a three-factor structure underlying the Thai-based MDDS. These three factors represent three major motives for dangerous driving among young Thai male drivers: ‘driving fast/taking risk,’ ‘confidence in one’s driving skills,’ and ‘disrespect for traffic laws. These three factors are highly similar to the three-factor structure identified for the original Australian-based MDDS. Reliability analysis indicated that the three motives for dangerous driving and their 31 representative items are internally consistent based on their computed Cronbach’s alphas and their items’ IT correlations. Tests of both convergent and criterion-related validity support the conclusion that the Thai-based MDDS is valid by these two criteria.