Browsing by Author "Nanthaphan Chinlumprasert"
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ItemThe development of violence research database and the synthesis of research on violence issues in Thai societyThe body of knowledge regarding violence issues in Thai society is significant for the socio-political movements and law reform to cease any form of violence against Thai people. The existing research papers on violence issues conducted in Thailand, so far, were distributed in various institutions and have not yet been systemically complied and effectively utilized. This study aims to analyze and synthesize research on violence issues conducted in the last twenty years (1981-2001) and to place the information into the violence research database initiated on the World Wide Web, http://www.violence.au.edu The 190 research papers were reviewed and classified according to WHO violence classification and subsequently analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods. The content analysis was done and the essence of the research was synthesized by applying the concepts of violence research and women’s health research as the frameworks.The results reveal that most of the existing researches are quantitative and repetitive studies on the causes and factors contributing to the violence occurrences. The survey of incidence and prevalence of the issues, and the attitudes toward violence perpetrators and survivors as well as the characteristics of available services or resources are substantial. Self directed violence research was mainly focused on suicide and attempted suicide cases. Stress from unsolved family problems is the major factor contributing to the rising of suicide among teenagers and adult women. These research findings also reveal that the Thai people lack effective coping skills and seek no assistance when facing with crisis. The limitation of available resources is also problematic. The studies on child abuse and neglect found that children who are witness violence or were raised by abusive parents are likely to be abusers. Thai society lack knowledge and awareness toward this issue and have no effective legal system to isolate children from abusive family and concretely protect children’s rights. The research on violence against women in intimate relationships and/or domestic violence especially those were conducted in 1997 to date reveal that researchers have more insight about gender based violence. Nevertheless, the studies affirming the impact of sex role stereotype and gender double standard that is rampant in Thai patriarchal society are very rare although the concepts were mentioned in certain domestic violence studies. The study to develop problem solving solutions, the improvement of resources and legal systems must be sponsored as priority. Sexual violence research is the most prevalent especially on the issues of stranger rapes. The sensitive nature of this issue kept the researcher from studying about acquaintance rape and misled the extent and characteristics of the problems. Although the empirical research reveals that acquaintance rapes are more common in Thai society, the numbers of scientific research in this area are limited. The results of existing research on sexual violence reflect researcher’s rape myth acceptances and bias attitudes toward rape survivors because of the influence of sex role stereotype and gender double standard socialized in Thai patriarchal society. Gender based violence research and the study of empowerment the women to flight against violence must be continuously supported. The research on adolescent violence, social violence and other forms of violence reveal the common root of problems regarding the limitation of appropriate social and legal system in preventing, diminishing and/or eliminating of the violence issues. Beside the research findings, ethical consideration and principle of human subjects protection in violence research should be seriously enforced among research scientists and constantly pronounced by Thai scientific research community.
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ItemThe effective outcomes of EMDR on Tsunami survivors: case studies of Khao Lak, Phang-nga, ThailandOne of the major problems that came with the psychological assistance after the Tsunami was that there was no measure to identify the effectiveness of psychological recovery that was obviously intangible. This study investigated the effective outcomes of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) on the traumatic recovery of the Tsunami survivors in Khaolak. Both quantitative and qualitative data were obtained. 13 case studies that neither have experienced any other psychological treatments nor have taken any mental medication for psychological recovery purposive selected from those who have been continually treated with EMDR since six months after the disaster. The Impact of Event Scale and EMDR session notes were reviewed. The follow up sessions consisted of bilateral stimulations; interviewing and observation were used to measure the effectiveness of EMDR. The results showed that all the case studies have recovered from the trauma within three sessions. All participants stated their satisfaction toward EMDR for its rapid recovery effect and its sustainability for an extended period of time. The participants reported self-care using bilateral stimulation so called “Butterfly Hug” technique taught by the therapist to reduce their negative feeling that emerge due to whatever unpredicted triggers. This study suggested that EMDR contribute effectively to the Tsunami survivors and perceived as an appropriate self-care for mental health in family and community level.
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ItemThe mental health service utilizing EMDR with Tsunami survivors in ThailandLife after Tsunami was difficult and the survivors have become traumatized due to the loss and the fear. Different techniques have been brought in to help people heal psychologically, and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) was one of them. This study reported the mental health service utilizing EMDR in Khao Lak under the Making Waves Project during February-December 2005. The participants were 415 Tsunami survivors who demonstrated psychological impact from the event. The Impact of Event Scales was used to identify the target survivors before EMDR therapy being provided by the trained EMDR therapists. The data were collected using EMDR session notes that indicated descriptive data and psychological conditions of the participants. The results revealed that 52.53% were recovered cases and 39.52% were current cases that needed subsequent follow-up sessions. Seventy-one percent of recovered participants demonstrated rapid recovery (n=218) after a single session. EMDR could be used with all ranges of age from young children <10 years old (5.30%) to the elderly > 60 years (3.83%). The majority of participants (12.05%) were in 26-45-age group. 67.71% were female. 76.14% received individual therapy and 23.85% involved in EMDR group therapy. This study suggested that EMDR was a significant outreach mental health service for people in the community. More EMDR trainings must be provided for mental health professionals in Thailand to serve speedier mental health service throughout the country.
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ItemThe nurses of community training model for community health system development: the community participation approachThe National Health Care Reform in Thailand reflects the increasing demand of nurses in the community health care settings. To secure the availability of manpower, local young people are targeted to be trained to serve their own community after graduation. This research aimed to develop training model for nurses of community (NOC), and to study the potential of local administration and community hospital in cooperating with nursing school to produce nurses who can work collaboratively and effectively with community people. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were applied. Data were initially collected using NOC survey form with staffs of 35 local administrations and nurses in the primary care unit of three provinces in central region. Three local administrations were randomly selected for in-depth interview with key informants. Manpower policy, existing practice and potential in community health system development were explored. The results revealed three significant exemplars which include environmental health, chronic illness in aged people, and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. The findings were used as an input for designing training program which include six main systems: admission, curriculum management, local administration champion, school-hospital-community collaboration, competency development, and employment. The current nursing curriculum was tailored to meet the special requirement of this initiative and community context. Teaching and learning activities in community including the student mentoring system and instructor preparation were incorporated. The findings will be beneficial to the implementation step in NOC project and be a model for future development of nursing education that collaboratively tailored by community participation. The University IRB protocol was approved to ensure voluntary participation, privacy, basic human right and dignity including risk and benefits of the participants in this study.
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ItemPersuasion of International Migration Perceived by Thai NursesThe purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the motivation of international migration of Thai nurses.The data were collected from 2 groups: 1) a group of 14 nurses who had experiences working abroad were recruited for in-depth interviews, and 2) a group of 16 nurses who were processing to work abroad, 14 of them were recruited to participate in focus group interviews and 2 of them were willing for the in-depth interviews. The participants were purposively selected using snowball technique. The semi-structured interview guidelines asking about motivation of international migration were used. The data were collected during December 2011 – August, 2012. The interview were recorded and transcribed verbatim for content analysis by coding, ordering, and comparing. The results revealed that the factors that motivate Thai nurses for international migration were varied according to the individual context. The motivation that pull them to migrate expressed by both groups of nurses emerged similarly in five themes: 1) obtaining better payment; 2) seeking new experiences; 3) building better future for the family; 4) improving the quality of life; and 5) gaining opportunity for further study. The better payment was the most attractive motivation expressed by both groups of nurses. Moreover, both groups of nurses expressed similar motivations that push them for international migration. Three themes were emerged including: 1) unsatisfied working system and environment; 2) poor promotion and limited nursing career path; and 3) low payment compared to work load. The study suggests the policy implication for maintaining Thai nurses in the health system. Efforts should be made on improvement of staffing management and supportive working environment by proposing various hiring system, enhancing the opportunity for professional growth and nursing career path, including increasing salary.
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ItemSexual dating violence prevention strategies perceived by Thai community peopleSexual coercions in dating relationships among Thai adolescents are increasing. The actual extent of this behavior is unknown. This study aims to assess community awareness of sexual violence against women in dating relationships, develop a culturally sensitive training program through community participatory approach, pilot the training and evaluate the program. Participants were male and female key informants aged over 18 recruited from the qualified volunteers using snow ball technique from two communities in central Thailand. Data were collected using eight individual interviews and eight focus group discussions. Interview guidelines and date rape vignettes were used. Qualitative data analysis was done using Atlas-ti software. The results indicated that community people perceived sexual dating violence as "gang rape" that boy friend shares his date with friends against her will. Sexual relationships among dating partners were perceived as permissive behavior and not culturally accepted by community. Date rape situations were perceived as consensual sex. Victims blaming was perpetuated. Women were expected to prevent rape and sexual advantage taken by their dates. Effective prevention program was sexual education targeting male's sexual responsibility, conscientiousness and their attitudes in respecting women as mother symbol. The evaluation of prevention program indicated that the sustainability of program was a good strategy for early prevention. Public and target group education about healthy sexual relationships are necessary. The results of this study contribute to public awareness and policy initiation to eliminate the issue from Thai society.
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ItemViolence in dating relationships among Thai secondary school studentsThis study examined violence in dating relationships among Thai secondary school students.Eight schools were selected using a stratified random sampling. Participants were 309 male and 326 female students ranging in ages from 14 to 19. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data in 2003. Overall, 19% of males and 6% of females reported experiences of the physically and psychologically abusive relationship. Gender played a significant role in perceptions of sex role-stereotypes, dating experiences, and experiences of dating violence. Threatening to end a relationship was the main sexual coercive act used to obtain sexual intercourse.