Browsing by Subject "Scholar: -- Human Sciences -- 2021"
Results Per Page
Sort Options
-
ItemThe antecedents of individual job performance and moderating effect of role stress: path models on the logistics service industry in Thailand( 2021) Tadokoro,Yuichi ; Varma, ParvathyThe research examined the effect of organizational justice, perceived organizational support on organizational commitment, and job performance and the moderating effect of role stress of employees in logistics service providers in Thailand. This research employed a path model utilizing structural equation modeling with multivariate techniques combining methods of factor analysis. The application of multi-group analysis clarified the moderating effects of role stress by grouping the low role stress group and high role stress group of respondents. Data was collected from 889 professional white-collar workers from 15 logistics service providers in Thailand. There are two groups that include the low role stress group (n=426) and high role stress group (n=433) of respondents which were segregated based on the median. This research revealed that perceived organizational support ultimately contributes to individuals’ job performance. The results indicated moderation effects of role stress, i.e. organizational justice is a significant factor that contributes to organizational commitment in high role stress group, unlike in low role stress group. Organizational commitment has significant negative effect on counterproductive work behavior in low role stress group, unlike in high role stress group. The findings can be inferred as organizational justice and support are perceived as benefits by individuals, which initiates the social exchange relationship then enhances job performance of the individuals in an organization via organizational commitment. This study has concrete managerial implications, such as by announcing and actualizing the flexible workplace can be an effective and efficient measures for the logistics service industry.
-
ItemAttachment style, self-compassion, emotional empathy, and depression among undergraduate students in a selected international university( 2021) Premika ViriyaphongsagulResearch studies have claimed that depression is one of the major causes for psychological disorders as it can interfere with one’s daily functioning and much research has been done into the various aspects relating to depression and its antecedents. Understanding the antecedents of depression among undergraduate university students would be beneficial to university counselors, faculty, and administrators. Correspondingly, this research examined the relationships between attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on depression, being mediated by self-compassion and emotional empathy. The key findings indicated that attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance have direct and indirect effects on depression mediated by selfcompassion. The more participants experience attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety, the less they feel self-compassion, and the more depressed they feel. Accordingly, the results suggest that effort should be directed at encouraging and promoting self-compassion among those who are insecurely attached to reduce depression. Moreover, emotional empathy has a direct effect on participants reported levels of depression. That is, the more emotional empathy the participants have, the less depressed they feel. Thus, this suggests that individuals should work to strengthen their emotional empathy in order to reduce feelings of depression.
-
ItemA comparative study of adult Learners’ motivation for learning English as a foreign language according to their instruction by single or multiple instructors at Geos Language Centre, ThailandThe purpose of this quantitative study was to compare adult learners’ motivation for learning English as a foreign language according to their instruction by either a single instructor or by multiple instructors over a period of six weeks at Geos Language Centre in Bangkok, Thailand. The sample population of this study consisted of 67 adult-learner students enrolled in private English as a foreign language courses during the period of April to July 2020. These students comprised two groups under investigation during the period of this study: 1) Those who received instruction from a single instructor, and 2) Those who received instruction from multiple instructors. The Questionnaire for Measuring Motivation for Learning English as a Foreign Language (QMMLEFL), adapted from the Attitude / Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) by Gardner (2004), was used to measure the level of adult learners’ motivation for learning English as a foreign language (EFL). Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) were calculated, and statistical hypothesis testing (comparative analysis using paired samples t-tests and an independent samples t-test) was performed from data collected to pursue the research objectives and accept or reject the research hypotheses of this study. The research findings did not indicate that there was a statistically significant difference in the gain in motivation for learning English as a foreign language over a six-week period of study between adult learners who studied with a single instructor and adult learners who studied with multiple instructors. Recommendations for adult learners and instructors of English as a foreign language and language institute administrators and future researchers are provided.
-
ItemA comparative study of Grade 2 students’ motivation for learning English as a foreign language under game-based learning method and teacher-centered learning method at a Demonstration school, Bangkok, ThailandThe purpose of this study was to compare students’ motivation for learning English as a foreign language under game-based learning method and teacher-centered learning method of Grade 2 students at a Demonstration school, Bangkok, Thailand. This research study involved five objectives which included; Grade 2 students’ motivation level for learning English as a foreign language under game-based learning method and teacher-centered learning method in pre-test and post-test. The significant difference in Grade 2 students’ motivation level for learning English as a foreign language under teacher-centered and game-based learning method between pre-test and post-test individually and finally comparing the significant difference in Grade 2 students’ motivation level for learning English as a foreign language under game-based learning method and teacher-centered learning method between pre-test and post-test. The data were collected by using the pre-test and post-test. The scores were analyzed by means, paired samples t-test and independent samples t-test. The finding of the study showed that, students motivation level in game-based learning method was higher than the students in the teacher–centered learning method in Grade 2 of the Demonstration school, Bangkok, Thailand. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of learning English as a foreign language under game-based learning method. Recommendations have been suggested for the school, teachers and the future researchers.
-
ItemA comparative study of Grade 8 science students’ academic achievement under teacher-centered learning method and Inquiry-based learning method at the demonstration school of Ramkhamhaeng University in Bangkok, Thailand( 2021) Mohammadi, Negar ; Lynch, RichardThe purpose of this study was to compare students’ academic achievement under two different teaching methods which were teacher-centered learning method and inquiry-based learning method. Two groups of Grade 8 students of The Demonstration School of Ramkhamhaeng University (DSRU), Bangkok, Thailand comprised the sample for this research. The study was conducted over a period of seven weeks from February 2019 to April 2019. The science achievement scores were analyzed by means, standard deviations, a paired sample t-test and an independent samples t-test (one-tailed). The findings of the study did not show a significant difference between teacher-centered learning method and inquiry-based learning method. Recommendations have been suggested for the school, teachers, students and future researchers.
-
ItemA comparative study of Grades 7 and 8 students’ attitudes toward grammar-translation method and communicative language teaching in learning English as a foreign language at a private Catholic school In BangkokThis study aimed to investigate and determine whether there was a significant difference between Grades 7 and 8 students’ attitudes toward grammar-translation method (GTM) and communicative language teaching (CLT) in learning English as a foreign language at a private Catholic school in Bangkok. The study utilized a quantitative comparative research design. The Attitudes Toward Grammar-Translation Method and Communicative Language Teaching Questionnaire was adapted and used to collect the data from Grades 7 and 8 students in January, 2020. There were 152 Grade 7 and 173 Grade 8 students who responded to the questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed first through descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) and then through inferential statistics (dependent and independent samples t-test). The findings of the current study revealed that overall, Grades 7 and 8 students had slightly positive attitudes toward GTM and positive attitudes toward CLT in learning EFL. The findings also indicated that there was a significant difference between Grades 7 and 8 students’ attitudes toward GTM and CLT. Furthermore, the findings showed that there was a significant difference between Grades 7 and 8 students’ attitudes toward GTM while there was no significant difference between their attitudes toward CLT in learning EFL. Recommendations for students’ support, teaching strategies, and future research are provided.
-
ItemA comparative study of Kindergarten 3 Students’ Chinese academic achievement and attitude toward learning Chinese language according to gender and linguistic family background in a private school in Bangkok, ThailandThe study was conducted to investigate the Kindergarten 3 (K3) students’ Chinese academic achievement and attitude toward learning Chinese language according to their gender and linguistic family background at a private school in Bangkok, Thailand. The study was carried out with a total of 124 K3 students at the target school during the second semester of the academic year 2019-2020. It was designed as a quantitative and comparative study. Two instruments were used in this study for data collection. One was the Attitudes Toward Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language Questionnaire, developed to measure students’ attitudes towards learning Chinese language. The other instrument was the Chinese Midterm Test, used to measure participants’ Chinese academic achievement. Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) and independent samples t-tests were performed on the collected data to address the research objectives driving this study. The findings indicated that girls had a significantly more positive attitude toward learning Chinese language than boys, and girls had also a significantly higher Chinese academic achievement than boys in the target school. Moreover, it was also found that students with bi- and multilingual family background had a significantly more positive attitude toward learning Chinese language than students with monolingual family background, and students with bi- and multilingual family background had a significantly higher Chinese academic achievement than those with monolingual family background. Based on the discussion of the findings, recommendations for action and further study are provided.
-
ItemA comparative study of students' perceptions towards uniform policy at an international college in Bangkok( 2021) Elbasouni, Islam ; Watana VinitwatanakhunThe purpose of this study was to use a framework of andragogy to identify the perceptions of international college students towards their school’s uniform policy, and to compare the students’ perceptions based on their age group, nationality, and level of conformity. This study focused on 178 undergraduate students studying at the international college of a Thai university in Bangkok during the fall semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. All data was obtained through a questionnaire which was completed by the students. A quantitative comparative method was used to analyze the data. The research findings indicate that overall, students perceive the uniform policy to be partially andragogical, and that some aspects of the policy were perceived to be less andragogical than others. The findings also showed that there is a significant difference in the students’ perceptions according to nationality and conformity levels, but no significant difference according to age group. Based on the results of this study, the recommendation for administrators is to identify the variables which influence the perceptions of their students and consider them before modifying, implementing, or enforcing uniform policies at their institutions. This will help administrators ensure that students perceive the policy as one which is suitable for their learning context.
-
ItemA comparative-correlational study of Grade 10 students’ perceptions of Facebook usage, activities on Facebook and English learning achievement according to their academic programs at Muangnakhonsithammarat School in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand( 2021) Patcharaporn Sukhom ; Supit KarnjanapunFacebook is the popular social media which has various features to support interaction such as sharing contents. The implementation of interactive learning which encourages exchanging information to raise the level of knowledge, and the development of learning environment by the interaction is the core focus of various schools. This research designed to study on students’ perceptions of Facebook usage and activities for English learning achievement by Grade 10 students in three programs at Muang-Nakhon-Si-Thammarat School in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. The quantitative research method using the questionnaire survey was performed on a sample of 115 respondents as Grade 10 students from three study programs at Muang-Nakhon-Si-Thammarat School in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. The further tests on the relationship between Facebook usage of students and English learning achievement was also executed. The results revealed a significant difference between students’ perceptions of Facebook usage for learning English by Grade 10 students among three programs. Meanwhile, no significant relationship between Facebook usage of students and English learning achievement was found.
-
ItemA correlational-comparative study of Grade 3 and Grade 4 students’ self-efficacy for and enjoyment of learning mathematics at a Catholic school in Bangkok, ThailandThis study aimed to investigate the levels of Grade 3 and Grade 4 students’ self-efficacy for and enjoyment of learning mathematics and to determine whether there was a significant difference or a significant relationship among them at a Catholic school in Bangkok, Thailand. The study was conducted with 46 Grade 3 students and 51 Grade 4 students in the 2019 academic year. The research design was a quantitative correlational-comparative study. The research instrument utilized was the Self-Efficacy for and Enjoyment of Learning Mathematics Questionnaire (SEELMQ), adapted from the Math and Me Survey (Adelson & McCoach, 2011). Descriptive statistics, dependent samples t-tests, independent samples t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed no significant difference between Grade 3 and Grade 4 students’ self-efficacy for and enjoyment of learning mathematics, but there was a significant difference between students’ self-efficacy for and enjoyment of learning mathematics within their Grade level. Students’ self-efficacy was in a moderate level and students’ enjoyment was in a high level. Moreover, the study revealed a positive strong relationship between students’ self-efficacy for and enjoyment of learning mathematics. Recommendations for school administrators, mathematics teachers, students, parents, and future researchers were provided.
-
ItemA correlational-comparative study of Grades 4 to 6 students’ perceptions of parental encouragement and motivation for learning English as a foreign language at Zet Let Kung Kyang Community School, Kachin State in MyanmarThis study was conducted mainly to investigate the perception of parental encouragement and students’ motivation for learning English as a foreign language, and if there is a significant difference among their perception of parental encouragement and motivation for learning English as a foreign language at Zet Let Kung Kyang Community School, Kachin state in Myanmar. This research designed as a quantitative, correlational-comparative study with the population of the study, 102 Grades 4-6 students from Zet Let Kung Kyang Community School, Kachin State in Myanmar, during the academic year 2019-2020. Research to ANOVA data analysis, the study indicated that there was no significant difference among Grades 4 to 6 students’ perceptions of motivation for learning English as a foreign language, and no significant difference was found among their perceptions of parental encouragement for learning English as a foreign language. Pearson’s products moment correlation suggested that there was a significant positive relationship between Grades 4 to 6 students’ motivation for learning as a foreign language and their perceptions of parental encouragement for learning English as a foreign language. The result found that Grades 4 to 6 students’ perceptions of parental encouragement and motivation for learning English as a foreign language was high. Finally, the students, teachers, school administrators, parents, and future researchers will benefit from this study.
-
ItemThe development of a strategic leadership model for teacher instructional competencies at the private higher education institutions in Mindanao, Philippines( 2021) Estudillo, Haide Mallorca ; Nathara MhunpiewThe purpose of the study was to develop a strategic leadership model for teacher instructional competencies at the private higher education institutions in Mindanao, Philippines. To achieve the six objectives of the study, the researcher employed the exploratory mixed-method research design by collecting substantial qualitative data from sources such as books, journals, online sources, and an interview. While the quantitative research design by collecting data using the survey questionnaire. There were 229 teachers and seven school leaders from private higher education institutions in Mindanao, Philippines, who participated in the study. Frequency counts, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Multiple Regression were used to analyze quantitative data, while a content (thematic) analysis used for qualitative data or interviews. The findings of the current strategic leadership practices of school leaders, as perceived by teachers are interpreted as high. Teachers find the Instructional Practices of the school leaders as high, while school leaders revealed most of their strategic leadership practices focused on Human Resource Management Practice. The current instructional competencies, as perceived by teachers, are interpreted as high. Among the three themes, teachers find their Personal Competence as high. While school leaders give priority to the development of teachers' Professional Competence. The seven factors affecting the strategic leadership practices of school leaders perceived by teachers as high. The top three factors include Organizational Culture, Organizational Values, and Leadership Competence. While, in the interview with school leaders, essential factors affecting strategic leadership practices include Resource Allocation, Teacher Satisfaction, and Teacher Commitment. A substantial positive relationship revealed between strategic leadership practices and teachers' instructional competencies of private higher education institutions. The researcher developed the strategic leadership model for teacher instructional competencies and validated by 12 experts. The model comprises of two major levels derived from the Multiple Regression test results as Leadership Competence with a p-value of 0.000 and Organizational Values with a p-value of 0.014 as significant factors.
-
ItemDoctor patient relationship as a mediator between attachment dimensions and self-management In chronic patients, Yangon, MyanmarThis research studied the direct effect of attachment dimensions on self-management and the mediating effect of the doctor-patient relationship between attachment dimensions and self-management. A quantitative method with correlational research design via path analysis was utilized. The participants of the study consisted of 90 male and 90 female chronic patients. Burmese translated version of Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), Partners in Health (PIH) scale and Patient-Doctor Depth of Relationship (PDDR), and a researcher constructed demographic questionnaires were employed. The mediating role of doctor patient relationship is discussed in the context of self-management of chronic patients in Yangon, Myanmar. The results revealed the following major findings: (1) close attachment dimension had a significant direct positive effect on self-management, depend and anxiety attachment dimensions did not have a direct effect on self-management; (2) close attachment dimension had a significant indirect effect on self-management, being mediated by doctor-patient relationship (Standardized Indirect effect = .08, SE = .04, LLCI = .01, ULCI = .16), depend attachment dimension did not have a significant indirect effect on self-management, being mediated by doctor-patient relationship (Standardized Indirect Effect = .06, SE = .04, LLCI = -.01, ULCI = .14), anxiety attachment dimensions did not have a significant indirect effect on self-management, being mediated by doctor-patient relationship (Standardized Indirect Effect = .0361, SE = .03, LLCI = -.03, ULCI = .11); it is not uncommon for chronic patients in Myanmar to reach out to the quack doctors instead of consulting with doctors. Economic hardship requires chronic patients to make difficult decisions between healthcare and basic living expenses).
-
ItemThe effects of workplace stressors on stress and subjective well-being of female Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand mediated by coping strategies and social supportThe current study attempted to investigate the direct and indirect effects of workplace stressors on stress and subjective well-being of female Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand mediated by coping strategies and social support. This study employed a quantitative method with a correlational research design, using a path model. A convenience sampling through self-administered survey questionnaires was given to a total of 200 female Myanmar migrant workers in Bangkok and Samut Sakhon areas. The results showed that there was a direct effect of a workplace stressor on stress and subjective well-being. Stressor of workplace injustices and barriers to exit job was associated with increased levels of stress and decreased levels of subjective well-being. There was an indirect effect of workplace stressor of coercive working conditions on stress mediated by problem-focused coping strategies. Similarly, emotion-focused coping strategies mediated the relationship between coercive working conditions and stress as well as subjective well-being. Social support was negatively associated with stress and positively associated with subjective well-being. Moreover, Problem-focused coping strategies and perception about social support lessened the stress and promoted the subjective well-being of female Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand.
-
ItemFactors influencing attitudes toward astrology and making relationship decisions among Thai adults( 2021) Sasiwimon Temcharoenkit ; Johnson, Donald A.This research analysed the impact of astrology on personal relationship decision making in Thailand. There were two objectives: 1) to examine Thai people’s attitudes and behaviour toward fortune tellers, and 2) to examine the impact of fortune telling on decisions about matters of love. Data were collected using an online survey from 253 Thai people. The majority of the sample respondents (58%) were in the 29-39 age range, 50.4 percent were female, and most of the respondents were university graduates (55% with a bachelor’s degree and 32% with a master’s degree). The results indicated that Thai females in the sample have a stronger belief in fortune telling, which held a direct impact on their decision making in their love life. In contrast, Thai males have comparatively less interest in astrology. In consideration of the literature, it was hypothesised that there would be a different impact of fortune telling on single and married people’s decision making about relationship decisions, but no significant difference was found, which suggests that there is an equal impact of astrology on both single and married people. Educational level also did not predict attitude toward nor the use of fortune tellers. Nevertheless, consulting fortune tellers was very popular among this Thai sample. Everyone reported that they consult a fortune teller at least once or twice a year.
-
ItemThe influence of perceived acculturative stress on psychological stress response being mediated by coping strategies Among Japanese Mothers in ThailandThis study attempts to assess the impact of the direct and indirect influence of acculturative stress on the stress response of Japanese mothers in Thailand mediated by the three Coping strategies. A convenient sample of 246 Japanese mothers were given a survey on acculturative stress, problem solving support seeking coping, avoidance thinking coping, positive thinking distraction, and stress response, The indirect relationship between acculturative stress and stress response is supported only when it was mediated by positive thinking-distraction coping strategy. The From the overall findings it can be inferred that the level of stress experienced However, the use of positive thinking-distraction coping strategy when they perceive distress was found to be effective among Japanese mothers. in order to effectively cope with the stress. Further study required for the practical way to encourage Japanese mothers in Thailand to utilize positive thinking-distract coping strategy.
-
ItemThe influences of mindfulness on foreign language fluency mediated by irrational thoughts, foreign language anxiety and self-efficacy on Thai English learnersThis study investigated the impact of selected psychosocial factors on the foreign language fluency among Thai people. The influences between mindfulness, irrational thoughts, foreign language anxiety, self-efficacy, and foreign language fluency were explored. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that fear of non-achievement, concern over mistake, perfectionistic cognition, and inferiority feeling were better explained by the second-order latent factor- irrational thoughts. The SEM analysis of the sample of 1,358 Thai students and office workers revealed that mindfulness both directly and indirectly influenced irrational thoughts (comprised of fear of non-achievement, concern over mistake, perfectionistic cognition, and inferiority feeling), foreign language anxiety, self-efficacy and foreign language fluency. Mindfulness was found to have a negative relationship with foreign language anxiety; and foreign language anxiety also had an adverse effect on self-efficacy and foreign language fluency. This research contributes to foreign language learning by revealing the role of mindfulness to help Thai learners better aware of their negative thoughts which lead to foreign language anxiety, as well as to help enhance a Thai person’s belief in his/her ability to fluently communicate in a foreign language. It also provides insight knowledge to behavioral science by explaining the influences of mindfulness on a person’s irrational thoughts, anxiety, self-efficacy and fluent or proficient performances in general.
-
ItemInstructional leadership practices for developing the 21st century competencies of undergraduate students at public universities in Tanzania( 2021) Mushi, Emmanuel Paul ; Ye, YanThe purpose of this paper was to identify key instructional leadership (IL) practices and the 21st century competencies (TFCC) and relate the two using the context of Tanzanian public universities. The paper relied on literature review and content analysis to come with survey questionnaire. From literature review and content analysis, thirteen (13) instructional leadership practices and six (6) 21st century competencies were identified. These included leadership focus on improvement of teaching and learning, use of appropriate leadership styles and competencies, and setting vision, mission and goals. Further, the practices included use of social-constructivist instructional methods such as student-centered approach, collaborative learning and problem-based learning. Survey questionnaire formed from the identified IL practices and TFCC was used to collect data from 222 public university lecturers in Tanzania. Analysis of the data though Pearson Correlation r indicated that there is a strong positive relationship between the instructional leadership (IL) practices and the 21st century competencies (TFCC). The analysis found a Pearson Coefficient (r) of .654, with a p-value of .000. Moreover, all the sub-variables under the instructional leadership correlated positively with sub-variables under the 21st century competencies, and there was on average strong positive association of the sub-variables within the two main variables.
-
ItemThe mediation effect of social connectedness between big five personality traits and social interaction anxiety among third culture kids in BangkokThe study examined the association of social interaction anxiety (SIA), social connectedness (SC) and the big five personality traits in third culture kids in Bangkok. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the direct and indirect effect of the Big Five traits on SIA in TCKs, mediated by SC. The study employed Path Analysis via a set of multiple regressions for each of the five traits and Process Analysis to test the significance of mediation effect. A convenience sample of 123 TCKs, 78 girl and 45 boys of age 14-18 years, from the international school in Bangkok filled out questionnaire of Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Social Connectedness Scale-revised (SCS-R) and Big Five Inventory (BFI). Results showed that extroversion was a significant negative predictor with a direct and indirect effect on SIA, partially mediated by SC (β = -.19, 95% CI = -.33, -.09). Neuroticism was a significant positive predictor with a direct and indirect effect on SIA, partially mediated by SC (β = .21, 95% CI = .11, .32). Openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness showed no significant direct or indirect effect on SIA. Its shows that low sense of belonging and connection in introverted and neurotic adolescents exacerbates their concerns in social interactions, thus contributing towards making them socially anxious. Therefore, adolescent TCKs with low extroversion and high neuroticism can be protected against their natural vulnerabilities towards social interaction anxiety with the help of developing higher levels of social connectedness.
-
ItemThe predictive relationship of ideal self, integrativeness, direct contact, and cultural interest on English language readiness for the ASEAN Economic Community of Grade 8 students at Horwang School, Thailand(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Jerwin Angeles Jabutay ; Gonzalez, Orlando Rafael GonzalezThe purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the English language readiness for the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) of Grade 8 students at Horwang School, Thailand, under the hypothesis that ideal self, integrativeness, direct contact, and cultural interest had positive predictive relationships on English language readiness. A total of 116 Grade 8 students comprised the sample of this study. The TOEFL Junior Tests measured the participants’ English language readiness for the AEC, while the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) English Language Readiness Model Questionnaire was used to collect data on students’ ideal self, integrativeness, direct contact, and cultural interest. Descriptive statistics and correlational analysis (using multiple linear regression) were used to analyze the students’ responses. The results revealed that the participants had strong levels of ideal self, integrativeness, direct contact, and cultural interest in relation to the use of the English language as ASEAN citizens. Furthermore, the participants were found to be very ready in terms of their English language readiness for the AEC. From the initially hypothesized combination of four predictor variables having a positive predictive relationship on participants’ English language readiness for the AEC, the correlational analysis indicated that there was a significant, positive predictive relationship only for the combination of two predictor variables, ideal self and cultural interest, which explained 11% of the variance in respondents’ English language readiness for the AEC. Based on the theoretical and practical implications of the findings, recommendations for action and further study are provided.