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ItemDeterminants and Impacts of Internet Addiction on Well-being and Educational Adjustment of University StudentsThe present research aimed to investigate the determinants and impacts on internet addiction on wellbeing and educational adjustment of Thai University students. The major purposes of this current study were (1) to establish the psychometric properties of the Thai translated questionnaires of parenting styles, self-regulation, educational adjustment and psychological well being in Thai settings; (2) to investigate the direct and indirect influences of parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative and permissive )on educational adjustment and psychological well-being mediated by self-regulation and internet addiction among university students in Thailand; (3) To examine the influence of parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative and permissive) on self-regulation among University students in Thailand; and (4) to examine if parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative and permissive) influences the tendency of internet addiction among University students. Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ), the Internet Addiction Scale (IA T), the Parental Authority Questionnaire (P AQ), Educational adjustment Scale (EAS)and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were the instruments used to collect data from 794 university students from 10 universities in Thailand. The results of the study indicated a direct positive relationship between authoritarian parenting style and life satisfaction and educational adjustment. Permissive parenting style also has a positive relation on educational adjustment. The result also indicates an indirect relationship parenting styles on education adjustment mediated by self-regulation and Internet addiction. The more positive parenting the students experience, that is the more authoritative their parents are, better are their self- regulatory skills and better are their educational adjustment; similarly the more authoritative the parents are lower were their addiction to Internet and better were their educational adjustment. The general parenting styles used are more authoritarian m Thai setting and students were experiencing higher life satisfaction with this style.
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ItemThe Development of Centella asiatica Extract-Loaded BSA Nanoparticles Production to Improve Bioavailability(Assumption University, ) Patchanee YasurinCentella asiatica cBao-bog) is used as a traditional drug widely in Asia. C. asiatica crude extracts showed excellent potential in-vitro but less or no in-vivo activity due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size or both, resulting in poor absorption, poor dosing and poor bioavailability. The Bovine serum albumin cBSA) can attract macromolecular and carry wide variety of molecule. So this research was aimed to develop C. asiatica extract-loaded BSA nanoparticles cCBNP) to improve bioavailability. CBNP was prepared by the desolvation method using three different ratio C. asiatica crude chloroform extracts: BSA cl:2, 1:3, and 1:4). The well agar diffusion method was used for evaluating antibacterial activity of CBNP with different concentration (100, 200, and 300 µg!Illl) against five food borne pathogens cEscherichia coli ATCC25822, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium U302 cDT104b), S. enterica Enteritidis chuman), S. enterica 4,5,12:i:- chumall) US clone, and Bacillus cereus). The results showed that the antibacterial activity of CBNP did not show significant different on three different ratio and concentration in all food borne pathogens except S. enterica Enteritidis chuman) and B. cereus cP < 0.05). The highest antibacterial active of CBNP was 1.07±0.46 cm against S. enterica Enteritidis (human) on ratio 1 :4, 200 µg!Illl. The antibacterial activity of CBNP gave almost 2 times highe than free crude C. asiatica chloroform extracts. The modified Folin-Ciocalteu method, Ferric reducing antioxidant potential assay and DPPH assay were used for evaluating antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity represented by the amount of phenolic content of CBNP was 14.59±6.74 µgGAEIIllg using ratio 1:2. The amount of phenolic content of CBNP did not show significant different between ratio 1 :2 and others cP < 0.05). For Ferric reducing antioxidant potential assay and DPPH assay, crude chloroform extract showed significantly higher activity than CBNP were 1.00 ± 0.15 mmol Fe2 + 1Illg and 29.44 ± 8.20 % DPPH radical scavenging respectively cP < 0.05). The entrapment efficiency and loading efficiency of CBNP showed highest value on ratio 1 :4 which were 96.94 ± 1.48% and 42.05 ± 5.68% respectively. It's also showed highest in release kinetic In Vitro approximately 12% during the whole period of 6 hours in both artificial gastric and intestinal juice. C. asiatica crude chloroform extract have higher solubility in water than CBNP but CBNP have higher stability in releasing crude chloroform extract. The results indicated that CBNP showed the promising to increase bioavailability of C. asiatica.
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ItemEffect of encapsulation on Zymomonas mobilis survival rate from practical conditions and its levan polysaccharide production abilityBioethanol is one of the good sources of liquid energy for automobiles and industries. The bioethanol market has continued to grow rapidly in recent years. Thai government aims to increase ethanol consumption from 1.2 billion liters in 2015 to 3.3 billion liters by 2021 and up to 4.1 billion liters by 2036. Z. mobilis, a gram-negative bacterium, is considered as an alternative organism in large-scale fuel ethanol production. The bacterium Z. mobilis is a highly potent ethanol producer already used in industrial-scale fermentations which converts sugars to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Levans are natural polymers of the sugar fructose found in many plants and microbial products. They are formed as an undesirable by-product of sugar juice processing. This project aimed to study survivor rate of Z. mobilis encapsulated at different concentration of sodium alginate 2%, 2.5% and 3%., from simulated practical conditions including simulated food tract condition (acidic pH at 1.55 and 0.6% bile salt) and high temperature environment (85°). The encapsulated beads were separated into four different sizes according to their average size by sieving process. Results indicated that survival rates of encapsulated cells of Z. mobilis were significantly higher (p < 0.05) from all simulated conditions compared to free cells. Furthermore, the highest survival rate was obtained from sieve 10 with 3% sodium alginate for both heat and bile salt tests, while the lowest survival rates were performed by 2% alginate beads obtained from sieve 70 with survival rate of 19.52% and 14.72%, and 0.22% and 0.77%, respectively. Levan production was also determined from encapsulated cells providing the highest survivor rate which was beads from sieve 10 of 3 % sodium alginate. Results showed they that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in levan production between free cell and encapsulated cells from high temperature condition test.
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ItemThe Effect of Emotional Attachment on the Impulse Purchasing Behavior: A Case of TV Home ShoppingTV home shopping is one of marketing strategies under the direct response marketing paradigm. This strategy does not emphasize on the brand creation or using traditional marketing channels but it aims to attract the consumer emotionally while immediate purchase of the customers is expected. TV home shopping business is now expanding in Thai market. There are couple TV channels operating as the TV home shopping channels while several TV home shopping programs are presenting on many cable and free TV channels throughout the day. TV home shopping is different from other marketing channels in various aspects such as nature of the TV program that is active and stimulating, products characteristics that are mostly different from the products available on the traditional channels, price and promotion which is usually the highlight of the TV shopping, as well as convenience to buy from the TV program. It is no need for the customers to leave their home to search and buy products. Just watching TV and making a phone call , the products can be delivered, door-to-door, to their home. Impulse purchasing behavior of the customers is the key goal of the marketers when using this strategy. This research aims to identify the factors that influence customer's impulse purchasing intention to buy products from the TV home shopping programs. Apart from the aforementioned factors, mediating roles of emotional response and emotional attachment that are activated when watching the TV home shopping program are emphasized. The questionnaire survey was designed. A total of 949 data sets from customers who have and have no direct expenence on buying from TV home shopping program were collected. Structural equation modeling was performed to test the relationship among all proposed factors. The results indicated that attractiveness of the TV program, product differentiation, and price & promotion had positive and significant influence on the emotional response and emotional attachment but trustworthiness of the TV program had no influence on both emotional constructs. Price and promotion and emotional attachment were found to have direct influence on the impulse purchasing intention. Indirect _ influences of attractiveness of the program and product differentiation through emotional response and emotional attachment were illustrated but the direct influences of these factors were not found. Trustworthiness of the program, convenience to buy, uncertainty on the buying process and emotional response had no significant influence on the impulse purchase. Some different impulse purchasing process of the experienced and non-experienced customers was found. First, the influence of attractiveness of the TV program on emotional response is significantly positive for the non-experience customers but not significant for the experienced customers. Second, the impact sizes of emotional response on impulse purchase were different between the two groups. However, both of them were not significant. Third, the influence of the emotional attachment on the impulse purchase of the non-experienced customers was higher than that of the experienced customers.
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ItemFormation and stability study of flavor oil emulsions stabilized by polyglycerol esters and by sucrose estersIn this work, flavor oil emulsions contained 5 wt% oil and 0.75 wt% emulsifier were formulated by using different combinations between flavor oils and food emulsifiers. Orange oil (00), peppermint oil (PO), polyglycerol monostearate (PGE), and sucrose monostearate (SE) were employed to form emulsions by ultrasonic homogenization. Heat stability (storage at 100°C for 30 min) and freeze-thaw stability (storage at -20°C for 22 h. and at 30°C for 2 h.) of emulsions were investigated by observing droplets under a microscope, determining mean droplet sizes, and measuring amounts of destabilized oil. Ostwald ripening stability of emulsions was determined by measuring the droplet size distribution changes over 48 days of storage. The results showed that flavor oil emulsions stabilized by PGE and by SE were heat stable. Interestingly, flavo.r oil emulsions stabilized by PGE had better freeze- thaw stability compared to emulsions stabilized by SE. This property of PGE was suggested from polyglycerol interfacial layers reduced ice crystallization and reduced coalescence. The flavor oil emulsions stabilized by either PGE or SE underwent through Ostwald ripening destabilization and the ripening stability was improved by using mixed emulsifiers between PGE and SE. The information from this study could be useful for creating formulations of flavor oil emulsions that suitable for future applications in foods and beverages.
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ItemThe Moderating Roles of Organizational Learning and Strategic Flexibility on Marketing Strategic Change and Business Performance: Evidence from Firms in ThailandOwing to the inconclusive results of prior studies on the strategic change-firm performance relationship, this paper extends the marketing strategy literature by specifically investigating the marketing strategic change phenomenon in a non-Western emerging economy. An emerging market context is of particular interest given that little is known about it while generating half of global GDP based on the IMF's World Economic Outlook in 2014. Unconventional to the existing stream of research, an 'inverted U-shaped' relationship is postulated with a moderating role of 'organizational learning '. A self-administered survey was employed to collect data from different SBUs of 550 firms operating in Thailand. Factor analyses were used to validate the scales while linear- and quadratic regressions, and analysis of covariance were used to analyze data and test hypotheses. This study suggests that organizational learning plays a crucial part in clarifying the association between marketing strategic change and performance. The results also imply that the relationship could be context-specific since some of the findings from Thailand-as an Asian emerging economy-are inconsistent with the theory. The study also reveals that the relationship is inverted U-shape among smaller and older firms whose learning is relatively weak while it is positive and linear among firms with stronger organizational learning. Hence, firm age and size provide an insightful explanation that extends the traditional research stream and mixed research findings in the past. This study extends international marketing strategy literature by empirically testing the hypotheses in an emerging Asian economy. Although some findings are counter-intuitive, they provide insights that further our theoretical understanding about marketing strategic change to both researchers and managers. The research also proposes a non-linear relationship between marketing strategic change and firm performance as well as introduces a moderating role of organizational learning. The findings from this study reveal that the frequency of marketing strategic changes may not always have a positive impact on firm performance due to the level of organizational learning the firms established. Such level of organizational learning also varies based on firm age and size. Therefore, managers need to take into account these firm characteristics before implementing an appropriate number of marketing strategic changes in order to maximize the firm performance. Specifically, how often the firm should add/divest new products and/or new product lines, launch new products to new customers, extent current products to new customers, and add/remove services depends on the firm 's level of learning. When a firm is relatively smaller and older, very frequent and infrequent marketing strategic changes are harmfitl to firm performance because of its relatively weaker learning. Younger and newer firms normally establish higher learning level; therefore, frequent marketing strategic changes tend to improve performance. Keywords: Organizational change, Organization
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ItemRobust Optical Flow Algorithm Based on Spatial Domain Optical Flow(Assumption University, ) Darun KesraratIn this paper, we focus on the robustness in noise tolerance of spatial domain optical flow. We present a performance study of bidirectional confidential with median filter on spatial domain optical flow (spatial correlation, local based optical flow, and global based optical flow) under non-Gaussian noise. Several noise tolerance models on spatial domain optical flow are used in comparison. The experimental results are investigated on robustness under noisy condition by using non-Gaussian noise (Poisson Noise, Salt & Pepper noise, and Speckle Noise) over several standard sequences. The experiment concentrates on error vector magnitude (EVM) as performance indicators for accuracy in the direction and distance of motion vector (MV). In EVM, the result in MV of each method is used to compare with the ground truth vector in the experimental performance analysis.
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ItemRoles of Employer Brand Trust and Brand Value on Employer Attractiveness and Job Selection of the Prospective Job ApplicantsTo compete in nowadays business environment, one focus that an organization should not overlook is the quality of the employees since it undoubtedly influences the organizational performance and leads to organizational success. The effectiveness of the Job employment process has been issued in the human resource field for decades. "Employer branding" is a human resource strategic tool that the organization can use to obtain the talented and skillful employees who fit well with the organization and its requirements while "employer attractiveness" extended from the employer branding has been also emphasized. Brand trust, brand image, brand sincerity, brand competence, and brand affects are emphasized in this study since they would lead to the perceived value of the brand of the employer firm. The job seekers would perceive a firm as attractive if they receive positive information from the firm and perceive the firm as high fit with them. Consequently, applying a job at that particular firm could be expected. The question, "How does the employer branding affect the employer's brand value, employer attractiveness, and job selection of the prospective job applicants?" was proposed in this research. The methodology used in this research can be categorized into two parts, development of employer attractiveness scale and examining the relationship between employer branding, employer brand value and intention of the job seekers to apply for the job at the attractive firm. The 30-item measurement scale for employer attractiveness was obtained from the first part. The questionnaire survey was conducted with 1,128 job seekers who were the last year students of three universities. Five industries of the firms that the job seekers would like to work with were focused. Structural equation modeling with multiple group analysis together with one way ANOV A and independent sample t-test were adopted to test the research framework and related hypotheses. The results indicated the significant relationship between all employer branding constructs and employer brand value except brand competence. The significant relationship between brand competence, brand affect, and brand trust and employer attractiveness were also found. Employer brand value was significantly related to employer attractiveness and but not significantly related to intention to apply for the job. Significant relationship between employer attractiveness and intention to apply for the job at their favorite firms was shown. Significant differences of some constructs between gender and among job applicants who had different GP A and different favorite firms were found. Moreover, the difference of the SEM models of the job applicants who would like to work in different industries was found.
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ItemRoles of Travel Destination Image, Travel Motivation, Self-Congruity and Perceived Value toward Travel Incentives on Employee Motivation and PerformanceOrganizational reward is known as one of the best strategies to enhance employees' working performance and productivity. Travel incentive is a type of the organizational reward that aims to promote performance, recognition, engagement, and even loyalty of the employees, customers, and business partners. Travel incentives include individual business meeting, group travel to offsite business meetings, as well as the travel and tours to any places outside the office. Travel incentive programs have been used in several firms around the world. The uses of the travel incentives seem to be gradually increasing. In Thailand, the MICE industry (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions-Congress, and Exhibition) is focused as the national policy. Even though the importance of the travel incentive is recognized, motivation process of the travel incentives on the employee working performance and other employee's factors that are related to travel incentive seemed to be overlooked. Thus, the question "How travel destination image, travel motivation, and self-congruity influence the employees' perceived value on the travel incentives, their working motivation, as well as their working performance?" is proposed as the main research question of this. study. Interviews were done in the exploratory research stage to get the details and understanding on the travel incentive programs utilized in Thai business context. Then, questionnaire survey was performed. The 418 sets of data were collected, 316 sets from the employees who had direct experience on traveling under the travel incentive programs while the rest 102 sets of data were from those who had no such expenence. The structural equation modeling was performed to determine the relationships among major constructs and to test hypotheses. The results indicated that only some dimensions of the destination image influenced perceived value on travel incentive program and working performance. All three dimensions of the destination image had no influence on the working motivation. Travel motivation influenced perceived value, extrinsic work motivation as well as working performance of the employees but it had no effect on the intrinsic work motivation. Self-congruity was found to influence perceived value and extrinsic work motivation but not intrinsic work motivation and working performance. Perceived value on the travel incentive program could influence both intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation but had no direct influence on working performance. Finally, both intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation were found to influence working performance of the employees.
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ItemA STUDY OF BURNOUT IN RELATION TO SELF- MONITORING, LOCUS OF CONTROL AND LEADERSHIP STYLESSalutogenic constructs like self monitoring and locus of control are deemed important because relationship to well-being With the onset of globalization people life styles and work environments have changed ler;iding to more stressful conditions at work and in the long run a break down in daily functioning. The present multilevel study investigated if, burnout which is a pathogenic construct can be impacted by personality traits like self-monitoring, locus of control and utilization of different leadership styles in different organizations in Bangkok, Thailand. A sample size of 400 employees in executive and administrative positions was selected randomly, from different organizations. The data was tested using quantitative methods of descriptive and inferential analyses. The Structural equation modeling tested, hypotheses 1,2,3,4 and 7. The t-test was used for hypotheses Sand 6. Hypothesis] was partly supported by the data and indicated that higher the self monitoring the lower the depersonalization. Hypothesis2 was partly supported by the data and indicated that when a leader is transformational lower levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are experienced. Hypothesis3 was partly supported by the data and indicated that when a leader is transactional the higher will be his personal accomplishment. Hypothesis 4 is fully supported by the data since locus of control moderates the relationship between transformational leadership and depersonalization. Hypothesis 5 is partly supported by the data and even though, personal accomplishment was not different in external and internal locus of control employees, employees with internal of control surely experience less burnout overall. Hypothesis 6 is not supported by the data since no differences were found in personal accomplishment between internal and external locus of control as well as in the differences of locus of control and self monitoring levels of employees who work in management and administrative/operating levels. Finally, Hypothesis 7 was partly supported by the data since employees who displayed transformational leadership styles in management position had higher levels of depersonalization dimension of burnout. This study can be extended to other cultures and the knowledge gained can be used to provide managers and administrators with an idea of what could elevate their burnout levels and suggestions for alleviating burnout levels can be implemented.
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ItemA study of undergraduate students' ideal L 2 self and ought to L2 self based on the L2 motivational self systemThe study of motivation has been one of main interesting areas in second language teaching and learning. The integrative and instrumental motivation proposed by Gardner and Lambert (1972) has been challenged by the rise of global English and the changing purposes of English language teaching, learning, and using worldwide. In this study, the recent theory of L2 Motivational Self System (Dornyei, 2005) has been used as the framework. The objectives of the study were to: 1) study students' vision as L2 learners; 2) explore the motivational factors behind the students' desires to learn English as a second language; and 3) explore the factors that students believe they ought to possess to learn English as a second language. The participants consisted of 28 undergraduate students from an international university in Thailand. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires and six task types. Questionnaire data was analyzed by using descriptive analysis in terms of frequencies and percentages. Six task types were analyzed by content analysis. The findings show that: 1) students tend to have a positive degree of motivation towards their ideal L2 self. They have future self- related to future careers; 2) the four main motivational factors behind the students' desires to learn English as a second language are travelling, global career, passing exams, and interacting with foreigners; and 3) strength of the vision of the ought to L2self is positive. They ought to learn English in order to meet social and family expectations. This indicates that the ideal L2 self is influenced by future careers, whereas the ought to L2 self is strongly influenced by society, parents, and peers. Finally, it is suggested that the sense of L2 self and ought-to L2 self should be promoted in English language classrooms. Language teachers should encourage and guide students to construct their language vision.
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ItemA study on the Impact of e-Commerce on SMEs in Thailand( 2018-06-26) John, Varughese Kizhakkacharuvil ; Asawin Wichayachakorn ; Nithiphong VikitsetBusiness-to-consumer (B2C) e-Commerce is the focus of this study with special emphasis to its impact on small-and-medium enterprises or SMEs in Thailand. The impact is investigated in two perspectives – the economic impact and the social impact- where the former is concerned to the firms in terms of increase in its profitability and operating efficiency and the latter is related to the society in general imparted by the firm in terms of employment created. The study further investigated the penetration of e-Commerce (B2C) among consumers of Thailand and their perceptions towards online shopping. The retailers of four commodities (books & magazines, cosmetics, mobile, and laptop) and the consumers are the samples of the study. The primary survey was conducted throughout Thailand by collecting data from 1462 retailers and 1535 consumers during January to March 2018. The results indicate that the profitability of retailers who have adopted online sales (click-and-mortar retailers) is significantly higher than that of those who have not adopted online sales (brick-and-mortar retailers). The operating efficiency of the latter group is significantly lower than that of the former. The social impact in terms of new employment opportunities created is negligible by the adoption of online sales, however, the click-and-mortar shops have more employees per shop than that of their counterparts. The penetration of online shopping in Thailand is estimated to be 24 percent among the four commodities under study. According to the B2C e-commerce Index-2015 estimated by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Thailand’s index value is 47.2 and positioned in the 70th place among 130 countries, whereas it is 60 for Malaysia (45th rank) and 84 for the Republic of Korea (8th rank). This estimate is showcasing only the infrastructure potential for B2C e-commerce in a country based on internet usage, credit card holders, etc. and no indicators of the actual transactions on commodities are included. It has been observed that the penetration of online shopping is not a threat, for the time being, to the brick-and-mortar shops in Thailand, since they have more than double the market share of online buyers. The perception of consumers in Thailand for online shopping is its convenience and novelty of browsing the virtual platform, nevertheless, the consumers have much anxiety in the risks related to online shopping, regarding the performance of the products bought online, and the financial risks of online transactions. Moreover, the consumers have discontent on the economic laws prevailing in the country for the protection of their rights, in case of loss caused by online transactions, and most of the offline consumers are unaware of such laws. Therefore, the study recommends the vendors to be more upright and hold consistently the ethical values in their dealings with consumers, and the public authorities have to enact appropriate laws and implement it effectively for the protection of consumer rights so as to build a proactive environment for consumerism. This is highly indispensable for any emerging market economy. The study highlights the regional imbalance in the development and growth of e-commerce in Thailand, where the scale of penetration is high in central and northeastern regions, but low in north and southern regions.
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ItemSurface Modification of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Biodegradable Polymers for Plasma Protein AdsorptionMagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been proposed as one of the most popular and efficient drug carrying magnetic materials used in human treatment and diagnosis due to their non-toxicity, high stability and high magnetic responses. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNP) were obtained by chemical co-precipitation of iron salts in the presence of ammonia. The prepared magnetic particles were modified with gallic acid to reduce aggregation of particles, maintain magnetic stability, and slowdown degrading process under physiological conditions. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with gallic acid (MNPG) were obtained with small particle size ranging from 10 nm to 80 nm and retained magnetization properties. The magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Surface functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles was evaluated via adsorption of protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) on nanoparticles. The highest adsorption of BSA was obtained from MNP as BSA adsorbed up to 70% within 30 min of incubation, while the adsorption of BSA by MNPG within 30 min of incubation was observed at 50% approximately and MNPG showed the lower BSA adsorption rate within 4 h of incubation. After 4 h of incubation, the result indicated similar adsorption profile of BSA by MNP and MNPG.
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Item"ประวัติศาสตร์การเมืองการปกครองและสาระสำคัญในรัฐธรรมนูญของประเทศเพื่อนบ้านในอาเซียน"สมาคมประชาชาติแห่งเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ หรืออาเซียน (Association of Southeast Asian Nations : ASEAN) มีประเทศสมาชิก 10 ประเทศ เข้ารวมตัวในวาระและจุดมุ่งหมายที่แตกต่างกัน กล่าวคือ ในครั้งแรกมีจุดมุ่งหมายคือเพื่อความร่วมมือทางการเมือง และร่วมกันป้องกันการขยายตัวของลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์ในช่วงปลายคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 20 ต่อมาสมาคมอาเซียนได้เติบโตขึ้นและพัฒนาความร่วมมือทางเศรษฐกิจและสังคมประกอบด้วย นอกจากนี้อาเซียนยังมีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อส่งเสริมสันติภาพและความมั่งคงของภูมิภาค ตลอดจนส่งเสริมความร่วมมือระหว่างอาเซียนกับต่างประเทศ และองค์กรระหว่างประเทศ อาเซียนได้พัฒนาจนถึงขั้นรวมตัวจัดตั้งเป็นประชาคมอาเซียน (ASEAN Community) ได้สำเร็จในปี พ.ศ. 2558 โดยมุ่งหวังประโยชน์จากการรวมตัวเพื่อทำให้ประชาชนมีการอยู่ดีกินดีปราศจากโรคภัยไข้เจ็บ มีสิ่งแวดล้อมที่ดีและมีความรู้สึกเป็นอันหนึ่ง อันเดียวกัน โดยมีกลไกขับเคลื่อนความร่วมมือในหมู่สมาชิกเพื่อนำไปสู่ความมุ่งหวังดังกล่าวเรียกว่า 3 เสาหลัก อาเซียนซึ่งเป็นพื้นที่ที่เกิดจากการบูรณาด้วยการจินตนาการ และถูกกำกับโดยกฎบัตรอาเซียนมีภาพรวมที่คำนึงถึงผลประโยชน์ของประชาชนและความมั่นคงในภูมิภาคโดยรวมจะกลายเป็นพื้นที่แห่งความจริงคือความสำนึกเรื่องการเป็นพลเมืองอาเซียนได้อย่างไร ในเมื่อแต่ละประเทศต่างมีรัฐธรรมนูญของตนที่คำนึงถึงผลประโยชน์ของแต่ละประเทศกำกับอยู่ ผู้วิจัยจึงเริ่มต้นจากการเลือกศึกษาค้นคว้ารัฐธรรมนูญของประเทศสมาชิกอาเซียน 9 ประเทศ ยกเว้นประเทศไทยเนื่องจากยังไม่ประกาศใช้รัฐธรรมนูญฉบับถาวรภายหลังการรัฐประหารในปี พ.ศ. 2557 เพื่อให้ได้รับความรู้เกี่ยวกับประวัติศาสตร์ทางการเมืองการปกครอง ตลอดจนสาเหตุที่ทำให้มีการร่างรัฐธรรมนูญฉบับปัจจุบันของแต่ละประเทศสมาชิกอาเซียน 9 ประเทศ และสาระของรัฐธรรมนูญ ซึ่งจะเป็นองค์ความรู้สำหรับการสนับสนุนอาเซียนให้ขับเคลื่อนเข้าสู่การเป็นพื้นที่แห่งความเป็นจริงได้ในที่สุด
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Itemมาตรการทางกฎหมายเพื่อการบริหารจัดการให้มีจำนวนช้างป่าเอเชียที่เหมาะสมและทิศทางการเตรียมร่างพระราชบัญญัติว่าด้วยอุทยานช้างแห่งชาติ(กรุงเทพฯ : มหาวิทยาลัยอัสสัมชัญ, 2560-02) ณชัชชญา ทองจันทร์ ; พิชัยศักดิ์ หรยางกูร ; เดชา ศิริเจริญ ; วิสิฐ ญาภิรัต ; ประพฤติ ฉัตรประภาชัย ; ธนสาร จองพานิช ; รัฐสภา จุรีมาศสภาพปัญหาของช้างป่าที่มีจำนวนไม่สมดุลกับพื้นที่อยู่อาศัยเกิดจากปัญหาหลายประการเช่น การล่าช้าง พื้นที่ป่าถูกทำลาย แหล่งอาหาร และแหล่งน้ำลดลง ความขัดแย้งระหว่างคนและช้าง ความไม่เหมาะสมของประชากรช้างป่าในพื้นที่อนุรักษ์ การขยายพันธุ์ พันธุกรรมช้าง การสวมทะเบียนตั๋วรูปพรรณและการตีทะเบียนช้าง และการขาดการจัดการ ซึ่งประเทศไทยและประเทศอื่นๆ ที่เป็นถิ่นกำเนิดของช้างมีวิธีการแก้ปัญหาดังกล่าวโดยใช้มาตรการทางกฎหมาย และมาตการทางการบริหารจัดการพื้นที่อยู่อาศัยของช้างป่าควบคู่กันไป มาตการการบริหารจัดการช้างป่าในประเทศไทยและประเทศถิ่นกำเนิดอื่นๆ จะคล้ายกันกล่าวคือ มีการปรับปรุงแหล่งที่อยู่อาศัยในพื้นที่ป่าโดยการสร้างและปรับปรุงแหล่งน้ำ แหล่งอาหาร เช่น การปลูกพืชอาหารของสัตว์ป่า การทำโป่งเทียม ส่วนวิธีการแก้ปัญหาความขัดแย้งระหว่างคนกับช้างป่าจะใช้เทคนิคการป้องกันแบบใช้สิ่งกีดขวาง โดยการขุดคูกันช้างป่าสร้างกำแพงหินทำแนวรั้วธรรมดา ทำรั้วไฟฟ้า ทำรั้วพริก การปลูกพืชเป็นแนวกันชน การสร้างหอเฝ้าระวัง การทำสัญญาณเตือนภัย และการทำรั้วรังผึ้ง และยังใช้เทคนิคการป้องกันแบบการขับไล่โดยการใช้คนในการขับไล่ช้าง ด้วยวิธีการทำให้เกิดเสียงดัง และการใช้แสงไฟ การขว้างปาหินหรือสิ่งของใส่ช้าง การใช้พาหนะขับไล่ การเคลื่อนย้ายช้างออกจากพื้นที่มีปัญหา รวมทั้งการจ่ายค่าชดเชยความเสียหาย เป็นต้น จากการวิเคราะห์วิธีการแก้ปัญหาจำนวนช้างป่าที่ไม่สมดุลกับพื้นที่อยู่อาศัยในประเทศไทยเปรียบเทียบกับต่างประเทศ พบว่าประเทศไทยยังขาดกฎหมายเฉพาะในการกำหนดพื้นที่ป่าธรรมชาติผืนใหญ่เพื่อให้เป็นที่อยู่อาศัยของช้างป่า ดังนั้น ผู้วิจัยจึงเสนอให้มีการเตรียมร่างพระราชบัญญัติว่าด้วยอุทยานช้างป่าแห่งชาติ โดยให้คณะรัฐมนตรีมีมติกำหนดพื้นที่ในกลุ่มป่าตะวันออก หรือ "ป่ารอยต่อห้าจังหวัด" เป็นอุทยานแห่งชาติ ซึ่งมีอาณาเขตอยู่ในจังหวัดฉะเชิงเทรา สระแก้ว จันทบุรี ระยอง และชลบุรี โดยมีพื้นที่ป่าอนุรักษ์รวมกันทั้งสิ้น 2,453 ตารางกิโลเมตร โดยมีช้างป่าทั้งหมดประมาณ 400-500 ตัว ซึ่งครอบคลุมเขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่าและอุทยานแห่งชาติ 6 แห่ง ได้แก่ เขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่าอ่างฤาไน เขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่าเขาสอยดาว เขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่าคลองเครือหวายเฉลิมพระเกียรติ อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาสิบห้าชั้น อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาคิชฌกุฏ และอุทยานแห่งชาติเขาชะเมา และพื้นที่ป่าสงวนแห่งชาติอีกจำนวนหนึ่ง โดยจะเป็นพื้นที่นำร่องของแลุ่มป่าอีก 6 กลุ่มป่า ได้แก่ กลุ่มป่าแก่งกระจาน กลุ่มป่าดงพญาเย็น-เขาใหญ่ กลุ่มป่าภูเขียวน้ำหนาว กลุ่มป่าคลองแสง-เขาสก และกลุ่มป่าภาคเหนือซึ่งมีช้างป่าอาศัยอยู่เนื่องจากกลุ่มป่าตะวันออกเกิดปัญหาความขัดแย้งระหว่างคนกับช้างป่ามากที่สุด โดยเริ่มเกิดขึ้นตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ. 2538 มาจนถึงปัจจุบัน เพราะราษฎรส่วนใหญ่ในกลุ่มป่าภาคตะวันออกมีทัศนคติเชิงบวกต่อช้างป่า ไม่คิดทำร้ายช้าง และยังเห็นว่าช้างเป็นสัตว์คู่บ้านคู่เมือง และช้างเรียนรู้ว่าคนเป็นมิตรและไม่เป็นอันตราย การมีอุทยานช้างป่าแห่งชาติในประเทศไทยจะเป็นมาตรการในการแก้ปัญหาช้างป่าให้มีจำนวนสมดุลกับพื้นที่อยู่อาศัยในป่าธรรมชาติิอีกวิธีหนึ่งที่มีประสิทธิภาพ เพื่อกำหนดการใช้ประโยชน์ที่ดินให้เอื้อต่อการดำรงชีวิตของช้าง และการทำเกษตรกรรมของราษฎร และเพื่อยังเป็นแหล่งที่อยู่อาศัยของสัตว์ป่าชนิดอื่นๆ อีกทั้งยังเป็นแหล่งขยายพันธุ์ของช้างป่าและสัตว์ป่าอื่นๆ ตลอดจนสามารถบรรเทาปัญหาความขัดแย้งระหว่างคนกับช้างป่าได้อย่างยั่งยืน