AU Virtual International Conference Entrepreneurship and Sustainability in the Digital Era: Vol. 2, No. 1 (2021)

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The relationship between teachers’ perceptions towards principal’s transformational leadership and their organizational commitment in Yuehe Town Junior High School, China
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Chen, Jinxue
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between teachers’ cognition of principals’ transformational leadership and their organizational commitment in Yuehe Town Junior High School, Tongbai County, Henan Province, China. This study took 65 full-time teachers as the research object and conducted a questionnaire survey. Means and standard deviations are used to determine teachers’ cognitive level of school principals’ transformational leadership and organizational commitment, and the Pearson product correlation number is used to analyze the relationship between teachers’ perceptions towards principal’s transformational leadership and their organizational commitment. In order to analyze the relationship between the two variables, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used, the results show that the teachers of the target school hold a relatively positive attitude towards the principal’s transformational leadership, and the level of their organizational commitment was high. Pearson correlation test shows that there is a significant correlation between junior high school teachers’ cognition of principals’ transformational leadership and their organizational commitment in Yuehe Town Junior High School, Henan Province, China.
A correlational-comparative study of burmese high school students’ motivation and academic achievement in English as a foreign language class
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Mu, Bu; Gonzalez, Orlando
The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether there was a significant relationship between motivation for learning English as a foreign language (EFL) and English academic achievement, and a significant difference in motivation for learning EFL, in terms of motivational intensity, desire to learn English, and attitudes toward learning English, between Grades 10 and 11 students at Mungmyit Sinli IDPs High School, Kachin State, Myanmar. A total of 225 students participated in this study. Motivation-related data were gathered through administering a survey questionnaire adapted from the international version of Gardner’s (2010) Attitude/Motivation Test Battery, while the English students’ monthly test scores were considered to measure participants’ English academic achievement. From the statistical analysis of the collected data, it was found that there was no significant relationship between Grade 10 students’ motivational intensity and desire to learn for learning EFL with their English academic achievement, while their attitudes toward learning English were found to have a significantly weak relationship with their English academic achievement. On the other hand, the results revealed that there was no significant relationship between Grade 11 students’ motivational intensity, desire to learn English and attitudes toward learning English with their English academic achievement. Besides, it was also found that there was a significant difference in motivational intensity between Grade 10 and Grade 11 students, while no significant difference was found in their desire to learn English and attitudes toward learning English. Based on these findings, recommendations for teachers, students, school administrators and future researchers are provided.
A comparative study of Grades 10 and 11 students’ motivation for learning English as a foreign language under gamification and teacher-centered activities at a private School in Bangkok
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Natnapa Polsan
The purpose of the study was to compare motivation for learning English as a foreign language under gamification and teacher-centered activity of Grade 10 and Grade 11 students at a private school in Bangkok, Thailand. The study was included seven objectives and was conducted during September 2020 to August 2021. 24 of Grade 10 and 32 of Grade 11 students of the second semester in the academic year 2020 at a private school were sample of the study. Both grade level students were divided into two groups; experimental group and control group. A pre-post quasi-experimental study was conducted for eight weeks. The data were analyzed by means, dependent samples t-test, and independent samples t-test. According to the findings, there was no significant difference between Grade 10 and Grade 11 students’ motivation for learning English as a foreign language under gamification activity and teacher-centered activity at a significant level of .05. From the eight weeks of the experiment with two different activities, the students who participated in experimental group which participate in class that used gamification activity were not significantly different compared to the students who participated in control group which participate in class that used teacher-centered activity.
Burmese teachers’ perceptions of collaborative instruction and sources of student motivation for learning social studies
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Nanmu, Gemma
The purpose of this paper is to examine how middle school Social Studies teachers in five government basic education schools at Demoso Township, Kayah State, Myanmar, perceived (a) collaborative instruction, its objectives, and the roles of teachers and students in the collaborative instruction class; and (b) the sources of student motivation for learning Social Studies in relation to intrinsic goal orientation, extrinsic goal orientation, and task value. Data was mainly collected from in-depth individual semi-structured interviews with 10 middle school Social Studies teachers conveniently sampled from the target schools. From the data analysis, which was conducted using the systematic design of grounded theory, it was found that the participants perceived collaborative instruction as having three main objectives: to promote students’ sociocultural, ethical and learning behaviors; to promote students’ self-efficacy for learning Social Studies; and to promote teachers’ self-efficacy for teaching Social Studies; and the roles of teachers and students in the collaborative instruction were found to be in line with such objectives. Moreover, the sources of student motivation for learning Social Studies perceived by the participants were found to be in line with the three sources of motivation for learning identified by the value components of Pintrich and De Groot (1990). Based on these results, recommendations for Social Studies teachers, students and future researchers are provided.
Students’ perceptions of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study of undergraduate students from an international university, Thailand
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Chayada Thanavisuth
The outbreak of COVID-19 had an impact on educational systems worldwide. This study was aimed at investigating the perceptions of students towards online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two hundred fifty-five undergraduate students from a private international university in Thailand participated in this study. Data were collected using the adapted version of Students’ Perception Questionnaire (SPQ) items from Bączek et al. through an Google Forms online survey. The research objective was examined by basic descriptive statistics (percentage, means and standard deviations). Results showed that student participants prefer both online and onsite learning. The most strongest advantage of online learning is allowing participants to stay at home (72.15%) whereas the participants chose technical problems (73.33%) and lack of interactions with friends (71.37%) as the major disadvantages. The participants perceived that online learning was effective that helped increase knowledge (35.29%), active classroom activities (33.33%) and enjoyable (30.2%). Based on the research findings, suggestions and recommendations to improve the higher education online learning in the future and pedagogical implications are provided.
Factors affecting consideration to switching from condominium to townhome for high class market in Bangkok area during COVID-19 pandemic
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Bavornvit Bangthamai; Pongthon Duangoubpama; Nuttawan Rukkachantarakul; Rawin Vongurai; Piya Hirunwat
Housing estates such as detached houses, townhouses and townhomes. have become more and more marketable lately, and the popularity of condominiums has declined from COVID-19 pandemic. The keys to success of both townhomes and condominiums in this situation are attracting new consumers and retaining the existing ones. The main purpose of this study is to inspect three categories of antecedents for condominiums consumers’ switching intention: push (i.e. satiation), pull (i.e. perceived value) and mooring (i.e. subjective environmental characteristics) factors using push–pull–mooring (PPM) model. Design/Methodology/Approach: High class townhomes has been selected as the research context. An online survey was proceeded to inspect the proposed research model and hypotheses. The data were collected from 478 respondents living and/or working in Bangkok, who have monthly family income at 150,000 Thai Baht and above by using convenience sampling and snowball sampling method. This study applied the Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to certify the goodness-of-fit of the model and hypothesis testing. Findings: The outcomes revealed that among the push factors satiation with amenity has the highest significant impact on subjective environmental characteristics, followed by satiation with decoration. While among pull factors hedonic value has the highest significant impact on subjective environmental characteristics, followed by perceived privacy and security. As well as subjective environmental characteristics has significantly impact on switching intention. Originality/Value: To contribute a comprehensive understanding of consumers’ switching intention, the researcher used PPM model to construct the research framework. This study enhances the understanding of consumer’s switching intention by locating the push and pull factors based on the differences elements between condominiums and townhomes in correspondence to subjective environmental characteristics.
A comparative study of Chinese teachers’ expectations of students’ development between selected public and international kindergartens
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Cai, Yingting; Gonzalez, Orlando
This study was aimed at comparing Kindergarten 3 teachers’ expectations of students’ development between selected public and international kindergartens in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China. Research design, data and methodology: Five public kindergartens and five international kindergartens were conveniently chosen for this study, and a total of 198 teachers (113 teachers from public and 85 teachers from international kindergartens) participated in it. Data were collected using the Teachers’ Expectations of Students’ Development Questionnaire (TESDQ), whose design was based on a questionnaire originally developed by Tremblay et al. in 2008. This research followed a comparative research design, and statistical analysis was performed using independent samples t-tests and a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: Significant differences were found between the Kindergarten 3 teachers from the selected public kindergartens and those from the selected international kindergartens, favoring the latter group that was found to have significantly higher levels of teachers’ expectations of overall students’ development, as well as of teachers’ expectations of students’ sociocognitive development, students’ motor development, and students’ literacy and numeracy development. Conclusions: The results obtained by this study indicate that being working in a particular type of kindergarten in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China, appears to have a statistical effect on the Kindergarten 3 teachers’ expectations of students’ development.
The long run impact of major exchange rate return volatility on sectoral stock market return volatility: a case study of financial sectors in Thailand
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Thwe, Khine Myat; Witsaroot Pariyaprasert; Nawaporn Vimolphattanatham
The main objective of the study is to investigate the impact of return volatilities of major exchange rates on sectoral stock market return volatilities in Thailand. This study used daily time-series data from January 2018 to January 2021. In addition, the study applied the Autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARMA), the Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH), the Threshold Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (TARCH), and Granger Causality analysis to measure the long-run effect of the volatilities of exchange rates to sectorial stock market indexes. The result of this study shows that the volatility of US Dollar exchange rate has strongly affected on the volatility of the banking sector index. The volatilities of EURO, Japanese Yen have a significant impact on the volatility of the Finance & Securities sector. The Insurance sector receives only impact from US dollar exchange rate volatility. Overall, most of the return volatilities of exchange rates have significant effects to Thailand’s financial sectors stock market indexes, and those exchange rate volatilities should be concerned when investors make their investment decisions.
A correlational study of motivation and language anxiety for learning Chinese as a foreign language with Chinese academic achievement of Thai Grade 6 students
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Zheng, Ying; Lynch, Richard
The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine whether there was a significant relationship among Motivation and Language Anxiety with academic achievement for Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language of 164Grade 6students from a Thai government school in Trang, Thailand. The Motivation and Language Anxiety for Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language Questionnaire was used to collect data. The survey questionnaire was adapted from Gardner’s Attitude/Motivation Test Battery. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations) and multiple correlational analysis were used to analyze the data. The study findsings indicated a significantrelationship among the target variables -motivation and language anxiety for learning Chinese as a foreign language with Chinese academic achievement. Specifically, the research findings indicated that Grade 6students displayed a slightly low level of motivation and a slightly low level of language anxiety for learning Chinese as a foreign language. The research found that there was very weak relationship between Grade 6students’ motivation and their language anxiety for learning Chinese as a foreign language with Chinese academic achievement.
The effect of computer-assisted phonics games on Thai Kindergarten students’ listening proficiency and English Phonics achievement
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Rachanee Srimanothip; Gonzalez, Orlando
This study was aimed at comparing the Kindergarten 2 students’ listening proficiency and English Phonics achievement before and after using computer-assisted phonics games in English Phonics class at an international school in Bangkok during the academic year 2020-2021. This research followed a one group pre-test post-test pre-experimental research design. One conveniently chosen class of 13 Kindergarten 2 students participated in this 8-week study. An instructional intervention was implemented in English Phonics class two sessions per week and 40 minutes per session. Statistical data analysis indicated that the difference between participants’ listening proficiency before and after using computer-assisted phonics games in English Phonics class was significant, favoring the latter condition. Moreover, the participants’ listening proficiency improved from good before using computer-assisted phonics games, to excellent after using such games. It was also found that there was a significant difference in participants’ English Phonics achievement before and after using computer-assisted phonics games in English Phonics class, favoring the latter condition. Results from the data analysis also showed that Kindergarten 2 students’ English Phonics achievement improved from a recommendation for English Phonics class support before using computer-assisted phonics games, to an excellent achievement after using such games. Based on the research findings, recommendations for students, teachers, administrators, curriculum developers and future researchers are provided.
A study of the relationship between teachers’ motivation and teachers’ commitment at experimental middle school affiliated to Yunnan Normal University
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Mao, RuiTao; Watana Vinitwatanakhun
In this study, the prime target is to identify the relationship two variables of relationship which is teachers’ motivation and teachers’ commitment in the Experimental Middle School Affiliated to Yunnan Normal University. 114 full-time teachers participated in the study. They have all been certified in Experimental Middle School Affiliated to Yunnan Normal University in the 2021 academic. The average and standard deviation were used to analyze teachers' consciousness of teachers' motivation. It was found that teachers' perception of teachers' motivation was high (3.70) and another variable of teachers’ commitment also got a high score(3.71); To study the correlation between the two variables, The study used the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient method and data r =. 642, SIG. (two tailed) was. 002. The results show that teachers in target schools hold a relatively positive attitude towards teachers' motivation. Pearson correlation test’s results shows that there is a prominent correlation between the teachers' motivation and teachers' commitment in Experimental Middle School Attached to Yunnan Normal University.
A study of the relationship between teachers’ perception towards professional development and their job satisfaction at Kunming Hengshui Experimental Middle School Chenggong Campus, China
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Wu, Dan; Watana Vinitwatanakhun
This research sought to determine the relationship between teachers’ perception towards professional development and their job satisfaction at Kunming Hengshui Experimental Middle School Chenggong Campus, China in the 2020-2021 academic year. The researcher collected the data from 100-full-time teachers by using a questionnaire survey from the Kunming Hengshui Experimental Middle School Chenggong Campus, China. To do so, the study evaluated the teachers’ perception towards professional development as well as job satisfaction in which Means and Standard Deviations were used for descriptive and quantitative analysis. Finally, the relationship between these two variables was analyzed and assessed through Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient analysis. The basis for the professional development concept of this study was founded on Guskey’ s (2003) theory of Professional Development. Moreover Herzberg’ s (1959) Motivation-Hygiene theory was the foundation to support the researcher’ s concept of job satisfaction. The research finding indicates that the teachers at the Kunming Hengshui Experimental Middle School Chenggong Campus, China had a relatively high perception towards the professional development and job satisfaction. A high positive relationship between teachers’ perception towards professional development and their job satisfaction was identified in the Kunming Hengshui Experimental Middle School Chenggong Campus, China.
The correlational of Chinese junior hight school students’ motivation, attitudes toward the learning situation with English as a foreign language academic achievement
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Lin, Yanqiu; Lynch, Richard
The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine whether there was a significant relationship between Grade 9 students’ motivation and attitudes toward the learning situation for learning English as a foreign language with English academic achievement at a private school in China. A total of 110 Grade 9 students participated in this study. Students’ motivation and attitudes toward the learning situation for learning English as a Foreign Language Questionnaire which was adapted from Gardner’s (2004) international version of Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (Gardner, 2010) was used in this study consisting of 50 items (Gardner 2004, 2010) under five subscales. The researcher collected data from Grade 9 students studying in the 2021-2022 academic year at a private school in China. For the analysis of the collected data, descriptive statistics, and correlational analysis (using multiple correlation coefficient) was used. The findings of the research indicated that there was a weak correlation among the students’ motivation and attitudes toward the learning situation for learning EFL with English academic achievement. Based on the findings, the researcher provides recommendations for students, teachers, school administrators, future researchers.
A study of the relationship between teachers’ leadership capacity and teachers’ decision-making styles in Gangbei Construction Primary School，Guigang, Guangxi Province, China
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Zhang, Xinyi; Watana Vinitwatanakhun
The study is carried out to explore the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of their leadership capacity and their decision-making styles in Gangbei Construction Primary School. 112 full-time teachers from the academic year of 2021, Gangbei Construction Primary School are included in the survey. The analytical statistic was Mean and Standard Deviation and Pearson Product-moment coefficient. The result shows the main purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between teachers’ leadership capacity and their decision-making styles. The study found that “teacher’s leadership capacity” and teachers’ decision-making styles” were significantly correlated, r = .95, p = < 0.01. The Pearson Correlation test indicated that there was an obvious relationship between teachers’ perceptions of their leadership capacity and their decision-making styles in the Gangbei Construction Primary School in Guigang, Guangxi Province, China.
English teaching and learning problems in the general program of Bangbowitthayakhom School, Thailand
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Haranee Supasan
This research was conducted at Bangbowitthayakhom School, Thailand, and aimed to investigate teachers and students' English language teaching and learning problems in the General Program as well as find feasible measures to solve the problems. A mixed research design was used to process the data collection and data analysis. There were three instruments applied in this study. (1) the 5 Likert scale questionnaire was administered to 275 students in the General Program by randomly selected one room per one level ranging from Mathayom 1-.6 and (2) the 5 Likert scale questionnaire was administered to 24 teachers from the Foreign Language Department. Additionally, (3) the semi-structured interview was performed by four teachers. The data was analyzed by percentages, means, and standard deviation of the questionnaire. The data from the interview was transcribed, categorized, and described. The study’s results revealed that students agreed at a high level with the problems about themselves. The list of the top three statements was: (1) students lack opportunities of using English outside the class, (2) students think in Thai first before they translate it into English, as well as (3) students want to study with native speakers of English more than Thai teacher respectively. The results from teachers' questionnaires showed that teachers agreed on a high level with problems involving students too. They mostly agreed that students thought in Thai first before they translated it into English. However, problems involving curricula and textbooks and other factors related to English language teaching were agreed to a moderate level. Lastly, problems involving teachers and assessment were at a low level. Despite this, teachers found feasible measures: game-based learning, and the flipped classroom method, and used student-centered approach to successfully solve problems. The teachers also recommend that the program should incorporate more opportunities for teacher development seminars. They believed these seminars would keep teachers up to date on the latest education techniques being used.
The relationship of motivation for learning and perceptual learning style preferences with academic achievement of Chineses Grade 8 students in English language class
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Li, Miao
This study’s objective was to determine if there is a significant relationship of motivation for learning and perceptual learning style preferences in English language class with academic achievement of Grade 8 students at a Junior Middle School, Xuanwei, Yunnan, China. A sample of 231 Grade 8 students at a Junior Middle School during the academic year of 2021 attended. In order to measure students' motivation levels and perceptual learning style preferences, two questionnaires were used. In order to determine the students' academic achievement in English learning, the final test score of English class from August of this academic year 2021 was taken as the instrument. After the data was collected, the research objectives and hypothesis were examined by means, standard deviations, frequency, percentage and multiple correlation coefficient. The findings showed that Grade 8 students had slightly high motivation for learning, and their most preferred perceptual learning style was auditory, followed by mixed, kinesthetic, group, tactile, individual and visual learning style. They had a good level of English achievement. There was a positive and significant relationship between the motivation for learning and perceptual learning style preferences with academic achievement in English language class of Grade 8 students at the Junior Middle school.
Students transition from primary to secondary school at an international school in Bangkok, Thailand
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Sunantha Luthra; Lynch, Richard
The purpose of this study was to investigate if there was a significant difference in attitudes towards school, academic self-efficacy, and perceived social adjustment of Year 7, Year 8, and Year 9 students at an International School in Bangkok, Thailand. This research was a quantitative comparative design utilizing three questionnaires: the School Attitude Questionnaire by Seker (2011), the Academic Self -Efficacy subscale from the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children by Muris (2001), and the Student Adjustment to College Questionnaire by Baker and Siryk (1984) to collect data in this study. The three questionnaires were combined for the current study into the Student Overall Adaptability to School Questionnaire. The researcher collected data from 222 students from Year 7 (71 students), Year 8 (78 students), and Year 9 (73 students). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a One-Way Analysis of variance for statistical hypothesis testing. The study indicated that the students had positive attitudes toward school. The academic self-efficacy towards school was moderate, followed by students' perceived social adjustment, which was slightly acceptable. There was a significant difference between the perceived social adjustment of Year 7, Year 8, and Year 9 students. Still, there was no significant difference between students' attitudes towards school and academic self-efficacy of the Year 7, Year 8, and Year 9 students. Recommendations are provided for teachers, parents, school administrators, school counselors, and future researchers.
The impact of political events and Covid-19 pandemic on return volatilities of 3 sectors in the stock exchange of Thailand during 2019 to 2021
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Samitanan Dumdoung; Witsaroot Pariyaprasert; Nawaporn Vimolphattanatham
The objective of this paper is to study the impact of political events and Covid-19 pandemic on return volatilities of the sectorial stock market in Thailand. The researcher specifically used ARMA model for main equation and one EGARCH model for the volatility equation. This model is applied to the daily returns relevant to three selected sector indexes of stock exchange of Thailand from 25 March 2019 to 24 March 2021. To test the effect of political events and Covid-19 on banking sectors, consumer product sectors, and service sectors indexes stock market return volatility. The results show that both political events and Covid-19 pandemic have significantly affected on return volatility of the selected sector indexes. However, the return volatilities of Service sector are not affected by Covid-19 pandemic. Results show that political events and Covid-19 pandemic significant effect on return volatility of Bank sector index continuously 3 days of the delay effects of the situations. In addition, violent protest and Thai general election have positive impact on return volatility. It refers that the stock was more volatized. The volatility of the sectorial index of consumer product was affected by Covid-19 pandemic. In part of political events, student’s protest has affected continuously 3 days. And other political events have significant effect on second and third day after the situation. Meanwhile, all of situations have negative impact, except student’s protest. Furthermore, results confirm that main three political events and Covid-19 pandemic have stronger effect on return volatility of selected sector index stock market in Thailand.
The relationship of Burmese high school students’ motivation, perception of teachers’ with self-efficacy in learning English as a foreign language
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Aung, Phyo Ma Ma; Lynch, Richard
The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine whether there was a significant relationship between Grades 10 and 11 students’ motivation for learning English as a foreign language and perception of teachers’ effectiveness with self-efficacy for learning English as a foreign language at Mingalar Education Center Private High School, Sanchaung, Yangon, Myanmar. A total of 82 Grade 10 and 11 students participated in this study. Related data with motivation, perception toward teachers’ effectiveness and self-efficacy in learning language were gathered through administering a survey questionnaire which was adapted from the international version of Gardner’s (2004) Attitude/Motivation Test Battery and Questionnaire for English Self-efficacy were considered to measure participants’ scales. For the analysis of the collected data, descriptive statistics, and correlational analysis (using multiple correlation coefficient) was used. The findings of the research indicated that there was a significant, positive, and strong relationship between students’ motivation for learning English as a foreign language and their perception toward teachers’ effectiveness for learning English as a foreign language with self-efficacy for learning English as a foreign language. Based on the findings, the researcher provides recommendations for teachers, students, school administrators, Ministry of Education (Myanmar) and future researchers.
Study effecting of halal logo on ready-to-eat meal towards purchase intention of non-Muslim consumers in Bangkok
(Bangkok : Assumption University Press, 2021) Tawisa Bunnag; Kitikorn Dowpiset
Purpose – This paper aims to determine the effects of halal logo on ready-to-eat meals toward purchase intention of non-Muslim consumers in Bangkok. The factors are halal awareness, halal logo and attitude, which are important factors in affecting the intention of consumers. Research methodology – Data were collected via a questionnaire with a sample of 230 non-Muslim consumers in Bangkok with non-probability sampling, convenience and snowball sampling method. Results – According to the research results, all factors positively impact non-Muslim consumers' purchase intention towards ready-to-eat meal with the Halal logo. Additionally, the research found that non-Muslim consumers have positive attitudes and awareness of the Halal logo similar to those of the Muslim consumers. Although the study focuses on non-Muslim consumers, most of the respondents who participated in the research were Buddhists. Research limitations – The respondents were only limited to Thai nationality in Bangkok. The focus was only on Halal's four variables: Halal awareness, Halal logo, attitude, and purchase intention. Recommendation – This research can support marketing to leverage the understanding of the Halal concept in the food industry to attract Muslim and non-Muslim consumers in domestic and international markets.

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