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Item การติดเชื้อโควิด 19 ในเด็ก(2565) พิมสิริ ภู่ศิริ; นภัสวรรณ นามบุญศรี; เต็มฤทัย ภู่ประดิษฐ์โควิด 19 มีการแพร่ระบาดทั่วโลก ส่งผลกระทบต่อบุคคลทุกวัย รวมทั้งวัยเด็ก ซึ่งวัยนี้ยังขาดความรู้และประสบการณ์ในการดูแลตนเอง การเจริญเติบโตและพัฒนาการด้านต่างๆ ยังไม่สมบูรณ์จึงควรได้รับการดูแลและเฝ้าระวังอย่างใกล้ชิด การติดเชื้อนอกจากจะส่งผลกระทบต่อเด็กทั้งทางด้านร่างกาย จิตใจ เศรษฐกิจ และสังคมแล้ว ยังส่งผลกระทบต่อการเรียนรู้ พัฒนาการและการเจริญเติบโตของเด็ก ดังนั้น การป้องกันไม่ให้เด็กติดเชื้อโควิด 19 หรือการดูแลเด็กเมื่อมีการติดเชื้อแล้วจึงเป็นสิ่งสาคัญ บทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อทบทวนสถานการณ์การระบาดของโรคโควิด 19 และข้อมูลของโรคโควิด 19 เกี่ยวกับอุบัติการณ์และการเสียชีวิต กลไกการติดเชื้อ อาการและอาการแสดงในเด็ก ผลกระทบของโรคโควิด 19 ต่อเด็กและครอบครัว การวินิจฉัยโรคและการแปลผล การรักษา การพยาบาล การดูแลเด็กที่ติดเชื้อโควิด 19 สาหรับผู้ปกครอง ตลอดจนแนวทางการป้องกันการติดเชื้อโควิด 19 ในเด็กItem The relationship between self-concept, body image, and the personal health of the Assumption University female studentSiriporn Poonruksa; Kirksey, ReginaThis correlative study had the following four objectives; 1) to explore the self-concept and body image of the Au female students, 2) to explore the Au female students’ knowledge concerning personal health, 3) to identify health behaviors of Au female students, and 4) to study the correlation between self-concept, body image, and personal health of the Au female students. The population consisted of 1,336 female students who were pursuing a bachelor degree. The 243 participants were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected from the three questionnaires: Female Body Image Questionnaire, Self-Concept Questionnaire, and Personal Health Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS version 10.01. Results of data concluded that the majority of participants (75.40 %) had a slightly negative body image and only 8.60 % had a positive body image. However, the results show that only a small correlation exists between body image and health behaviors. 47.70 % of the participants posse sed positive levels of self-concept. Students with positive levels of self-concept were believed to also possess positive health behaviors. Furthermore, data analysis showed a significantly moderate correlation of 0.455 between these two variables, denoting that a direct relationship existed between self-concept and personal health. To accomplish the objective of exploring the Au female students’ general health, results showed that the majority (66.25%) held very good health practices, emphasizing that health was very important, 36.60 % stated to that they read health related literature, 41.20 % exercised regularly, and 50.60 % had very good eating habits, eating three meals daily. On the other hand, a percentage of the Au female students displayed negative health practices. 23.10 % of the participants had a bad practice of smoking almost always or often as a means to alleviate stress along with 31.60 % who either usually or always used alcohol as a means to handle stress. This study hopefully will assist in enhancing health care professionals understanding and perspective of the relationship between the human mind and body. It is noted that this connection will act as an important means in the advancement of interventions that will promote health.Item The third-year nursing students’ opinion toward the integration of student-centered approach for field trip in mental health and psychiatric nursing practicumSiriporn PoonruksaThis research aimed to examine the third year Assumption University nursing students’ opinions toward the integration of student-centered approach for field trip in Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Practicum. The eight of nursing students were purposive sampled by the researcher from 43 students. Data collection was derived by focus group discussion after completing three areas of field trip including the Stress Relaxation Clinic of Somdejchaophraya Institute of Psychiatry, Emergency Home of Association for the Promotion of the Status of Women, and Yuwaprasart Vaitayoprathum Hospital. Data analysis including content analysis and analytic induction were applied. The research results found that nursing students prepared themselves before field trip by meeting to choose their leader, set up field trip objectives, and delegate responsibilities to others. The benefits gained from field trip were receiving more knowledge, practicing working as a group and cooperating with other people. But the most benefit was obtaining knowledge as their real needed. There were some obstacles during the implementation of student-centered approach for example some students didn’t response in their assignments, moreover some parts of plan didn’t relate to the real environment of field trip areas. The instructors’ roles were facilitator, consultant, and encourager. Nursing students involved in all steps of activities, got more experiences that their needs, and knew how to seek knowledge by themselves which was the good point of the integration of student-centered concept into teaching-learning process. The results suggested that student-centered approach should be implemented in advance in nursing education as a life long learning.Item Empowerment program on promoting perceived self-efficacy in caregivers of autistic childrenPatrabul Puttahraksa; Fongcum Tilokskulchai; Yajai Sitthimongkol; Tassanee Prasopkittikul; Dusit LiknapichitkulThis study was a Quasi-experimental pretest-posttest non-equivalent comparison group design, aimed to evaluate the effects of the empowerment program for caregivers of autistic children. The participants were 74 caregivers who took care of 2-5 years old autistic children at the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Institute, Rajanakarin. After being enrolled into the study, the participants were matched by caregivers’ and children’s gender and assigned to the experimental group (37 participants) or the control group (37 participants).The experimental group completed the 5-day empowerment program which was administered by the researcher whereas the control group received only the routine treatment program. The empowerment program was composed of 4 steps: discovering reality, critical reflection, taking charge and holding on through group process. The data was gathered at the pre-test and at the 4th, 8th and 12th week after the intervention program.The findings revealed that the experimental group had statistically significantly higher scores on perceived self-efficacy in care of autistic children than the control group (p < .001) and there was a statistically significant difference between the 4th and 12th weeks (p < .05).The evidence from this study indicated that this program had effect on promoting perceived self-efficacy in autistic child care. The application of this program is suggested for all caregivers of 2-5 years old autistic children.Item Violence in dating relationships among Thai secondary school studentsNanthaphan Chinlumprasert; Vipavee Thongpriwan; McElmurry, Beverly J.; Park, Chang GiThis study examined violence in dating relationships among Thai secondary school students.Eight schools were selected using a stratified random sampling. Participants were 309 male and 326 female students ranging in ages from 14 to 19. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data in 2003. Overall, 19% of males and 6% of females reported experiences of the physically and psychologically abusive relationship. Gender played a significant role in perceptions of sex role-stereotypes, dating experiences, and experiences of dating violence. Threatening to end a relationship was the main sexual coercive act used to obtain sexual intercourse.Item The development of violence research database and the synthesis of research on violence issues in Thai societyNanthaphan ChinlumprasertThe body of knowledge regarding violence issues in Thai society is significant for the socio-political movements and law reform to cease any form of violence against Thai people. The existing research papers on violence issues conducted in Thailand, so far, were distributed in various institutions and have not yet been systemically complied and effectively utilized. This study aims to analyze and synthesize research on violence issues conducted in the last twenty years (1981-2001) and to place the information into the violence research database initiated on the World Wide Web, http://www.violence.au.edu The 190 research papers were reviewed and classified according to WHO violence classification and subsequently analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods. The content analysis was done and the essence of the research was synthesized by applying the concepts of violence research and women’s health research as the frameworks.The results reveal that most of the existing researches are quantitative and repetitive studies on the causes and factors contributing to the violence occurrences. The survey of incidence and prevalence of the issues, and the attitudes toward violence perpetrators and survivors as well as the characteristics of available services or resources are substantial. Self directed violence research was mainly focused on suicide and attempted suicide cases. Stress from unsolved family problems is the major factor contributing to the rising of suicide among teenagers and adult women. These research findings also reveal that the Thai people lack effective coping skills and seek no assistance when facing with crisis. The limitation of available resources is also problematic. The studies on child abuse and neglect found that children who are witness violence or were raised by abusive parents are likely to be abusers. Thai society lack knowledge and awareness toward this issue and have no effective legal system to isolate children from abusive family and concretely protect children’s rights. The research on violence against women in intimate relationships and/or domestic violence especially those were conducted in 1997 to date reveal that researchers have more insight about gender based violence. Nevertheless, the studies affirming the impact of sex role stereotype and gender double standard that is rampant in Thai patriarchal society are very rare although the concepts were mentioned in certain domestic violence studies. The study to develop problem solving solutions, the improvement of resources and legal systems must be sponsored as priority. Sexual violence research is the most prevalent especially on the issues of stranger rapes. The sensitive nature of this issue kept the researcher from studying about acquaintance rape and misled the extent and characteristics of the problems. Although the empirical research reveals that acquaintance rapes are more common in Thai society, the numbers of scientific research in this area are limited. The results of existing research on sexual violence reflect researcher’s rape myth acceptances and bias attitudes toward rape survivors because of the influence of sex role stereotype and gender double standard socialized in Thai patriarchal society. Gender based violence research and the study of empowerment the women to flight against violence must be continuously supported. The research on adolescent violence, social violence and other forms of violence reveal the common root of problems regarding the limitation of appropriate social and legal system in preventing, diminishing and/or eliminating of the violence issues. Beside the research findings, ethical consideration and principle of human subjects protection in violence research should be seriously enforced among research scientists and constantly pronounced by Thai scientific research community.Item The Au nursing instructors’ and staffs’ satisfaction toward Faculty Management System in Academic Year 2005Siriporn PoonruksaThe research on Au Nursing Instructors’ and Staffs’ Satisfaction toward Faculty Management System in academic year 2005 had three objectives including explored the satisfaction levels of faculty members and staffs toward management system, and explained the satisfaction levels of faculty members and staffs toward administrators’ leadership, and organizational culture and atmosphere. The population was 16 of faculty members and 3 staffs who worked in Faculty of Nursing Science in academic year 2005 and most of them familiar with the new organization structure. The instructors who have been leave for further studies and the new comers who didn’t pass probation were not included in the process of data collection. Data were collected by using questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS version 14.0 for descriptive statistics. The level of satisfaction among faculty members showed that they were satisfied and very satisfied toward management system and the range of means for each items were 2.94-3.56 out of 4. For the part of administrators’ leadership, faculty members were very satisfied with Dean’s leadership in all aspects including the open-mindedness, consultation, decision-making, problem solving ability, role model, participatory leadership, and academic and professional attribute. The mean varied from 3.56-3.88. As same as all staffs, faculty members were satisfied and very satisfied toward Dean’s leadership with mean average from 3.00-4.00. For head divisions’ leadership, faculty members were very satisfied with their open-mindedness, consultation, problem solving ability, and role model. In part of organizational culture and atmosphere, all aspects were rated in the level of satisfy including Faculty unity, communication among faculty members, incentive and remuneration, and Faculty tradition and culture. The means were vary from 3.13-3.69. This same category, all staffs were also rated satisfied with communication between Dean and them; communication among staffs, and Faculty tradition and culture with means vary from 2.67-4.00.Item The effective outcomes of EMDR on Tsunami survivors: case studies of Khao Lak, Phang-nga, ThailandNanthaphan ChinlumprasertOne of the major problems that came with the psychological assistance after the Tsunami was that there was no measure to identify the effectiveness of psychological recovery that was obviously intangible. This study investigated the effective outcomes of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) on the traumatic recovery of the Tsunami survivors in Khaolak. Both quantitative and qualitative data were obtained. 13 case studies that neither have experienced any other psychological treatments nor have taken any mental medication for psychological recovery purposive selected from those who have been continually treated with EMDR since six months after the disaster. The Impact of Event Scale and EMDR session notes were reviewed. The follow up sessions consisted of bilateral stimulations; interviewing and observation were used to measure the effectiveness of EMDR. The results showed that all the case studies have recovered from the trauma within three sessions. All participants stated their satisfaction toward EMDR for its rapid recovery effect and its sustainability for an extended period of time. The participants reported self-care using bilateral stimulation so called “Butterfly Hug” technique taught by the therapist to reduce their negative feeling that emerge due to whatever unpredicted triggers. This study suggested that EMDR contribute effectively to the Tsunami survivors and perceived as an appropriate self-care for mental health in family and community level.Item The mental health service utilizing EMDR with Tsunami survivors in ThailandNanthaphan Chinlumprasert; Supin Pornbhipatkul; Monsicha Tanawut Phakaphon Taewrob; Thussaneewan Ponyot; Siriporn PoonruksaLife after Tsunami was difficult and the survivors have become traumatized due to the loss and the fear. Different techniques have been brought in to help people heal psychologically, and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) was one of them. This study reported the mental health service utilizing EMDR in Khao Lak under the Making Waves Project during February-December 2005. The participants were 415 Tsunami survivors who demonstrated psychological impact from the event. The Impact of Event Scales was used to identify the target survivors before EMDR therapy being provided by the trained EMDR therapists. The data were collected using EMDR session notes that indicated descriptive data and psychological conditions of the participants. The results revealed that 52.53% were recovered cases and 39.52% were current cases that needed subsequent follow-up sessions. Seventy-one percent of recovered participants demonstrated rapid recovery (n=218) after a single session. EMDR could be used with all ranges of age from young children <10 years old (5.30%) to the elderly > 60 years (3.83%). The majority of participants (12.05%) were in 26-45-age group. 67.71% were female. 76.14% received individual therapy and 23.85% involved in EMDR group therapy. This study suggested that EMDR was a significant outreach mental health service for people in the community. More EMDR trainings must be provided for mental health professionals in Thailand to serve speedier mental health service throughout the country.Item The effectiveness outcomes of student-centered approach integration in nursing leadership and management practicum: case study in Assumption University nursing studentsSiriporn Poonruksa; Patra PhuekphanThis classroom action research aimed to explore the fourth year Assumption University nursing students’ ideas, synthesize the inquired knowledge and skill, and explore the greatest benefit gained toward the implementation of student-centered approach in Nursing Leadership and Management Practicum at two hospitals.The data derived from three types of document comprising daily activity report; job analysis of unit manager’s and charge nurse’ s responsibility reports; and incident case analysis report of forty students, focus group interview of twelve students and instructors’ observation. Generic method of content analysis technique was applied for data analysis. The results showed that nursing students prepared themselves before studying by reviewing contents following instruction guideline. Students gained benefits from this style of teaching by receiving more knowledge than instructors’ expectation, increasing management, analytical, problem-solving, and cooperative skills. But the most important benefit was they knew how to seek for knowledge and constructed it by themselves through CIPPA model which came from instructors changed their roles to be the encourager, facilitator, and coacher.Item Sexual dating violence prevention strategies perceived by Thai community peopleNanthaphan ChinlumprasertSexual coercions in dating relationships among Thai adolescents are increasing. The actual extent of this behavior is unknown. This study aims to assess community awareness of sexual violence against women in dating relationships, develop a culturally sensitive training program through community participatory approach, pilot the training and evaluate the program. Participants were male and female key informants aged over 18 recruited from the qualified volunteers using snow ball technique from two communities in central Thailand. Data were collected using eight individual interviews and eight focus group discussions. Interview guidelines and date rape vignettes were used. Qualitative data analysis was done using Atlas-ti software. The results indicated that community people perceived sexual dating violence as "gang rape" that boy friend shares his date with friends against her will. Sexual relationships among dating partners were perceived as permissive behavior and not culturally accepted by community. Date rape situations were perceived as consensual sex. Victims blaming was perpetuated. Women were expected to prevent rape and sexual advantage taken by their dates. Effective prevention program was sexual education targeting male's sexual responsibility, conscientiousness and their attitudes in respecting women as mother symbol. The evaluation of prevention program indicated that the sustainability of program was a good strategy for early prevention. Public and target group education about healthy sexual relationships are necessary. The results of this study contribute to public awareness and policy initiation to eliminate the issue from Thai society.Item Bridging the gap between nursing service and education with learning experience on cultural careSiriporn PoonruksaThailand has dramatic changed of health care services since government launched the policy to strengthen country to be the excellent Health Hub of Asia. So, the nursing curriculum has been revised appropriately which consisted of one subject related to cultural care diversity in order to prepare the graduated nurse to work harmoniously with the needs of clients. This research investigated nursing students for cultural care knowledge toward clients with different cultures before and after learning about Multiculturalism in Health Care. Learning module of cultural cares for six majority international clients who have received health services in Thai hospital including American, Western, Chinese, Japanese, Arab Muslim, and Asian people together with assignment about their folk cares were implemented for 77 sophomore nursing students as the intervention in this research. Focus group interview questions were tested by expert judgment and used for data collection among 12 volunteer participants before and after learning to evaluate their knowledge how to take care of clients from these various cultures. Generic method of content analysis was employed for qualitative data analysis. The results revealed that nurses who took care of multicultural clients needed to have clear understanding about beliefs of clients related to health including causes of illness, eating habits, color, space, and time. Moreover, folk care was the important factor influencing health care behaviors. In conclusion, participants gained more knowledge to take care of clients from six cultures after completing learning activities and positive attitude was reflected while providing nursing care to international clients. Research ethical consideration was concerned which participants had to sign consent form before participating in the data collection process and could withdraw if physical or psychological discomfort was presented.Item The nurses of community training model for community health system development: the community participation approachNanthaphan Chinlumprasert; Siriporn PoonruksaThe National Health Care Reform in Thailand reflects the increasing demand of nurses in the community health care settings. To secure the availability of manpower, local young people are targeted to be trained to serve their own community after graduation. This research aimed to develop training model for nurses of community (NOC), and to study the potential of local administration and community hospital in cooperating with nursing school to produce nurses who can work collaboratively and effectively with community people. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were applied. Data were initially collected using NOC survey form with staffs of 35 local administrations and nurses in the primary care unit of three provinces in central region. Three local administrations were randomly selected for in-depth interview with key informants. Manpower policy, existing practice and potential in community health system development were explored. The results revealed three significant exemplars which include environmental health, chronic illness in aged people, and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. The findings were used as an input for designing training program which include six main systems: admission, curriculum management, local administration champion, school-hospital-community collaboration, competency development, and employment. The current nursing curriculum was tailored to meet the special requirement of this initiative and community context. Teaching and learning activities in community including the student mentoring system and instructor preparation were incorporated. The findings will be beneficial to the implementation step in NOC project and be a model for future development of nursing education that collaboratively tailored by community participation. The University IRB protocol was approved to ensure voluntary participation, privacy, basic human right and dignity including risk and benefits of the participants in this study.Item Perceived self-efficacy, knowledge, and breast self-examination practice among Assumption University female studentsPatrabul PuttahraksaThe population of this study consisted of 9,684 Assumption University students. The sample size was calculated by using Yamane’s Formula, and 100 students were randomized to be the sample. The instrument was divided into 4 parts: personal data, knowledge, perceived self efficacy, and breast self-examination behavior. Content validity was examined by experts and reliability was obtained by mean of Cronbach’s coefficient alpha. The reliability of the perceived self-efficacy questionnaire was 0.987. Descriptive data analysis was used. The results revealed that knowledge and perceived self-efficacy were in the moderate level (mean 6 from 10, and 51 from 100). 51% of students performed (breast self- examination ( BSE), but almost of them performed once a year. It had no correlation between knowledge and BSE practice (r=0.00, P=0.998). The relationship between perceived self-efficacy and BSE practice was marginally significant (P=0.01). The findings showed that most of the samples did not have enough knowledge about BSE, had low self-efficacy, and inadequate practice. Those who had low self-efficacy should examine their breast occasionally. Therefore, the enhancing self-efficacy perception among female students should be a concern of health promoting faculty program.Item The effect of sponging using friction and non-friction on body temperature reduction among febrile children(2009) Pimsiri BhusiriThis Quasi-Experimental study aimed to compare the effect of sponging and oral antipyretic therapy using friction and non-friction techniques on temperature reduction among febrile children. Participants were 249 febrile children with medical diagnoses of respiratory diseases (78.3%), gastrointestinal tract diseases (13.3%), urinary tract infection (0.8%), and others (7.5%) at Child Health Clinic in the hospital located in Bangkok. Informed consent was obtained from parents prior to the intervention. Randomized match pair technique was used to assign the participants in each intervention. Room temperature, humidity, water temperature, and sponging materials were controlled. The intervention consisted of body temperature measurement before sponging, administering paracetamol, and measuring body temperature right after sponging at 15 and 30 minutes later. Inferential statistics was used to compare the body temperature after intervention. The resual reveald that after 15 minutes of sponging with friction, the body temperature significantly decreased, in contrast to non-friction sponging technique. It was statistically different at P(0.005) level of significance. The friction sponging technique which is combined with oral antipyretic medication was proven to be useful and appropriate in terms of application in any setting of the febrile child.Item Exclusive breastfeeding practice among mothers with children aged 6-24 Months Ratchaburi ProvinceAung, Win Sint SintBreast milk provides all the energy and nutrients that the infant needs for the first months of life, and it continues to provide up to half or more of a child’s nutritional needs during the second half of the first year, and up to one-third during the second year of life. Exclusive breastfeeding helps for a quicker recovery during illness. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding is important for maternal and child health. Baby who are non-exclusively breastfed are twofold increased than exclusive breastfed for risk of dying from diarrhea and pneumonia. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors related to exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of infant age among mothers of children aged 6-24 months by using of the Social Cognitive Theory and Self-Efficacy Belief. Hence, these results will be beneficial for identifying the potential interventions to increase the exclusive breastfeeding rate. As the result, child mortality and morbidity can be significantly reduced. Results showed that 94.5% of infants had been ever breastfed, but only 42.6% had initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of birth. 39.5% of infants were exclusively breastfed up to 6 months. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed two variables were independently associated with exclusive breastfeeding: mother’s high breastfeeding self-efficacy and having lactation problems. From this study, it was concluded that mothers’ class attaining husbands’ support for breastfeeding should apply a role model techniques for improving the mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy by a method of peer education to sustain and increase the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding.Item Perception of future parenthood among university students in ThailandPauline, Paulina MuTo determine how university students perceived themselves to be responsible in future parenting with mediating factors such as knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in one international university, Bangkok. A cross-sectional survey with a self-administered questionnaire was applied in this study. 354 students were selected using the systematic random sampling method. The data were collected from 1st February to 28th February 2008. Simple descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. The students had a moderate level of knowledge of parenthood (Mean=14.53, SD=3.67). Significant relationship were found between Sex of the students and perception of future parenthood (p=<.001), knowledge and perception of future parenthood (p=<.001), attitude and perception of future parenthood (p=<.001) and self-efficacy and perception of future parenthood. This survey result also shows that knowledge is not the only factor giving rise to perception of future good parenting; therefore further study could be useful to explore those factors in the interplay between knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and perception of future parenthood, which can modify the students’ good perception of parenthood in the future.Item Use of oral rehydration therapy for management of children under five years with Diarrhea Ratchaburi Province, ThailandKhaing-Gyi, KhaingCross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) use by caregivers for children under five years with diarrhea before seeking care at public hospitals and its associated factors.254 caregivers who brought their children under five years with diarrhea seeking care at four main general hospitals in Ratchaburi Province, Thailand were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The prevalence of ORT use for children under five years with diarrhea was performed. Bivariate analysis was performed for 12 variables and associated factors for ORT use.The prevalence of ORT use for children under five years with diarrhea was 47.2%. Bivariate analysis revealed 12 variables were significantly associated with ORT use: caregivers with high school and above education, being government employee/others occupation, having average family income ≥8,000 baht/ month, knowing that diarrhea can be transmitted by drinking spoiled milk, unboiled water, no hand washing, dry lips in signs of dehydration, continuing breast feeding while the child got diarrhea, high perceived susceptibility, severity, low perceived barriers of ORT and having heard about ORT information. Continued interventions to increasing caregivers’ proper knowledge of diarrhea and use of ORT among poor and low educated caregivers are needed.Item Stressors and coping strategies among AU nursing studentPatra PhuekphanNowadays academic stress among undergraduate students is a topic of interest for educational administrator because high level of stress is believed to affect students’ health and academic performance.Stress in nursing students comes from many sources especially academic aspect which is highly stressful for students and may lead to drop out of study program. Students cannot avoid stress but their ability to cope with these stressors is important in achieving success in the academic performance. So managing stress effectively and seeking coping strategy in an appropriate way is very important for preventing the negative effects of stress. This descriptive study was performed to explore sources of stress and coping strategies among AU nursing students. Data were collected from 154 nursing students who enrolled in year one to four in academic year 2008. Two measurements, including Student Stress Survey and Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences Inventory, were modified and employed. Descriptive statistics were applied for data analysis by using SPSS version 15.0. Results revealed that finding new friends and work with the unfamiliar people were ranked as the main sources contributing interpersonal stress; intrapersonal sources of stress represented by outstanding personal achievement and speaking in the public; academic stressors, the highly reported stressor were associated with using second language and increasing new responsibilities; and placed in unusual situation was environmental stressor. Furthermore, coping strategies that students always used to overcome stress composed of developing self-reliance and being humorous.Item Effects of individualized environmental modification program on neurobehavioral organizations of very low birth weight infants effects of individualized environmental modification program on neurobehavioral organizations of very low birth weight infantsPatcharee Juntaruksa; Veena JirapaetThis study was aim to evaluate the effects of individualized environmental modification (IEM) program on neurobehavioral organizations of VLBW infants who admitted in neonatal unit. Twenty-five preterm infants weighing less than 1500 g. and born before 37 weeks’ gestation were studied. All infants were served as their own control which received conventional nursing care during control period. IEM program was provided during experimental period which consists of day-night lighting, classical music and lavender scent. The activities were adjusted to the appropriate level of intensity and duration based on each infant’s responses. Naturalistic Observation of Newborn Behavior (NONB) was used to observe infants’ neurobehavioral organization at baseline, control period and experimental period. Descriptive statistic was used to analyze infants’ demographic data. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare mean different of neurobehavioral outcomes of infants between control period and experimental period.The research results showed that infants in experimental period had significantly showed better positive autonomic responses, positive motoric behaviors and positive attention behaviors comparing to control period. Additionally, infants in the experiment period sleep longer and spent fewer times in transitional and arousal states than in the control period.In conclusion, VLBW infants were benefited from IEM program in term of neurobehavioral organization. Promotion of VLBW infants’ neurobehavioral organization admitted in a sick newborn unit can be implemented by integrated the IEM program in a routine nursing care for VLBW infants.